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PHARM 110 > 15 - Lymphatic & Immune System > Flashcards

15 - Lymphatic & Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Antigen?

A
  • surface marker that the body can perceive as foreign
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2
Q

What is an Antibody?

A
  • a protein molecules that is released by a plasma cell & binds to a specific antigen (Ag)
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3
Q

What is the lymph Pathway?

flowchart

A

Bloodstream capillaries -> Interstitial space -> lymphatic capillaries -> lymphatic vessels -> lymphatic trunks -> lymphatic ducts -> venous blood

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4
Q

How are lymph capillaries different from blood capillaries?

A
  • blind-ended
  • very permeable
  • endothelial cells create one-way minivalves
  • anchored by collagen filaments
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5
Q

What are Lacteals?

A
  • specialized lymph capillaries in small intestinal mucosa (lining layer of GI tract)
  • Absorb digested fat & deliver chyle to bloodstream
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6
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A
  • right body superior to diaphragm
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7
Q

What does the Thoracic duct drain?

A
  • drains everything inferior to diaphragm & left body superior to diaphram
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8
Q

What are the types of lymphocytes?

A
  • T cells - cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells, Supressor T cells
  • B cells - plasma cells
  • NK cells
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9
Q

What do Natural Killer cells do?

A
  • survey surface markers
  • NK recognizes abnormal Ag
  • NK Golgi moces, produces secretory vesicles containing perforin
  • perforin are exocytosed & diffuse across gap
  • pores are made in target cell, can’t maintain internal-external envmt -> dies
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10
Q

What are other lymphoid cells?

A
  • Macrophages - phagocytize foreign substances & help activate T cells, APC
  • Dendritic cells - capture Ags & deliver them to lymph nodes, APC
  • Reticular cells - produce stroma that supports other cells in lymphoid organs
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11
Q

What are Primary Lymphoid organs?

A
  • where B cells & T cells mature
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12
Q

What are Secondary Lymphoid organs?

A
  • where B cell & T cell encounter Ag
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13
Q

Where do lymphcytes arise & where do they develop?

A
  • Lymphocyte precursors start in red bone marrow
  • T cells -> develop in thymus
  • B cells -> develop in bone marrow
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14
Q

What does the Thymus do?

A
  • T cell university
  • positive selection- must recognize self-MHC
  • Negative selection - must not recognize self-antigen in self-MHC
  • if it fails -> apoptosis
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of Lymphoid tissue?

A
  • Diffuse lymphatic tissue - Lymphoid cells & some reticular fibers, in almost every organ
  • Lymphoid follicles (aka lymphoid nodules), Germinal center composed mainly of proliferating B cells
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16
Q

What is the lymph node structure?

A
  • cortex - contain follicles w/ germinal centers
  • medulla - medullary cords (extensions of cortex w/ B & T cells), Medullary sinuses (capillaries w/ macrophages)
  • germinal centers & meduallry cords provide oppurtunities to encounter Ag
17
Q

What is the spleen & its structure?

A
  • similar to lymph node but filters blood
  • white pulp - lymphocytes & reticular fibers
  • Red pulp - macrophages
18
Q

What is apart of Innate immunity?

overview

A
  • surface barriers
  • internal defenses
19
Q

What is apart of adaptive immunity?

overview

A
  • humoral immunity (B cells)
  • cellular immunity (T cells)
20
Q

What is the 1st line of defense?

A

surface barriers

21
Q

What is the 2nd line of defense?

A

Internal defenses

22
Q

What is the 3rd line of defense?

A

Humoral immunity & cellular immunity

23
Q

What does Humoral immunity do?

A
  • B cells produce Abs, bind Ags & PLAN
  • Precipitation - make Ag soluble
  • Lysis - activate innate
  • Agglutination - clump for phagocytes
  • Neutralize
24
Q

Active vs. Passive Humoral immunity

A
  • active have memory, passive does NOT
  • active - naturally (infection) & Artifically acquired (vaccine)
  • passive - naturally (mother to fetus) & artifically (injection of Abs)
25
Q

What are the 5 Antibody Classes?

A
  • IgM - big clusters
    ○ If you have IgM in blood, you are in primary response
  • IgA - in breast milk
  • IgD - B cell surface marker
  • IgG - know its been exposed for a while
  • IgE - allergies
26
Q

What does Cellular immunity do?

A
  • All nucleated cells - MHC I - good for anything already in the body
    ○ Says kill anything w/ this Ag
    ○ Tc cells
  • APCs - MHC II - says this is what the foreign invader looks like, come let’s go find it
    ○ TH cells

PHARM 110 (12 decks)

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