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HIT 140 > 5. Integumentary System > Flashcards

5. Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

abrasion

A

a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane because of friction
ex. carpet burn

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2
Q

abscess

A
  • localized collection of pus

- located under skin

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3
Q

albinism

A

absence of a pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes

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4
Q

albino

A

individual with a deficiency of pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes

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5
Q

alopecia

A
  • partial or complete loss of hair

- reasons: aging, medication, endocrine disorder, skin disease

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6
Q

amputation

A
  • surgical removal of a body part of limb

- performed to treat gangrene

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7
Q

basal layer

A

deepest layer of epidermis

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8
Q

blackhead

A
  • an open comedo

- caused by a buildup of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle

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9
Q

blister

A

small thin-walled skin lesion
containing clear fluid
vesicle

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10
Q

boil

A

localized pus-producing infection
originating deep in a hair follicle
furnucle

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11
Q

bruise

A

bluish-black discoloration of the skin

ecchymosis

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12
Q

bullar

A

large blister

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13
Q

carbuncle

A
  • circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues
  • contains pus
  • eventually discharges to skins surface
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14
Q

cellulitis

A
  • acute infection of the skin

- hot, deep redness, pain and swelling

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15
Q

cerumen

A
  • earwax
  • yellowish-brown waxy substance
  • protects eardrum
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16
Q

ceruminious gland

A

modified sweat gland that lubricates the ear canal with cerumen

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17
Q

cicatrix

A
  • a scar

- the pale, firm tissue that forms in the healing of a wound

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18
Q

cicumscribed

A
  • confined to a limited or well defined area

- as if a circle were drawn around it

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19
Q

collagen

A
  • protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissues
  • tendons, ligaments, fascia
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20
Q

comedo

A

-typical lesion of acne vulgaris
-caused by buildup of keratin and sebum within opening of a hair follicle
closed = whitedhead, open = blackhead

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21
Q

contusion

A

injury without a break in the skin

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22
Q

corium

A
  • the inner, thicker layer of skin under epidermis

- aka dermis

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23
Q

cryrosurgery

A
  • noninvasive treatment for skin cancer, warts, etc

- liquid nitrogen creates subfreezing temps that freeze and destroy bad and surrounding tissue

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24
Q

curettage

A

scraping away abnormal tissue from the wall of a cavity or other surface

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25
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

the skin; integument

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26
Q

cuticle

A

fold of skin that covers root of finger or toe nail

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27
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of skin/nails

anything below 90-100% oxygen is bad

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28
Q

cyst

A

closed sac or pouch in skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid, or solid material

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29
Q

debridement

A

removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing

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30
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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31
Q

dermatology

A

study of skin

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32
Q

dermatologist

A

physician who specializes in skin diseases and disorders

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33
Q

dermis

A

inner, thicker layer of skin below epidermis

aka corium

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34
Q

diaphoresis

A

secretion of waste

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35
Q

ecchymosis

A

bluish-black discoloration of skin as a result of injury (bruise)

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36
Q

electrodesiccation

A

electrical current used to destroy superficial lesions

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37
Q

epidermis

A
  • outermost layer of skin

- no blood or nerve supply here

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38
Q

epidermoid cyst

A
  • a cyst filled with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris
  • formed in duct of sebaceous gland
  • aka sebaceous cyst
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39
Q

epithelium

A

tissue that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body

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40
Q

erythremia

A

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

aka polycythemia vera

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41
Q

erythema

A

redness of skin due to capillary dilation

ex. nervous blushing or mild sunburn

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42
Q

erythroderma

A

redness of skin due to capillary dilation

ex. nervous blushing or mild sunburn

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43
Q

excoriation

A

an injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma (scratching/abrasion)

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44
Q

exfoliation

A

peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells

ex. skin after sever sunburn

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45
Q

fissure

A

a crack-like groove or sore in the skin or mucous membrane (ex. anal fissure, athlete’s foot)

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46
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage way between 2 tubular organs or from organ to body surface

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47
Q

furuncle

A

localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; boil

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48
Q

gangrene

A

-tissue death
-due to loss of adequate blood supply and invasion of bacteria
-produces foul odor and turns black
-most often in extremities
necrotic tissue removed by debridement or amputation

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49
Q

ischemia

A

loss of blood supply to an area

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50
Q

hair follicle

A

tiny tube within dermis that contains root of hair shaft

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51
Q

hair shaft

A

visible part of hair

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52
Q

hemangioma

A
  • benign mass of blood vessels

- noncancerous tumor; reddish-purple color

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53
Q

heparin

A

natural anticoagulant substance produced by body tissue

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54
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern; occurring in women

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55
Q

histamine

A
  • substance that is released in allergic inflammatory reactions
  • found in all cells
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56
Q

histiocyte

A

macrophage, large phagocytic cell occurring in the walls of blood vessels and connective tissues

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57
Q

phagocytic cell

A

cells that ingest microorganisms, other cells, and foreign materials

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58
Q

hives

A
  • circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin
  • pater in the center than surrounding edges
  • aka wheal
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59
Q

hydrocele

A

collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male

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60
Q

integument

A

the skin; cutaneous membrane

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61
Q

integumentary system

A
  • body system

- includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

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62
Q

keratin

A

hard fibrous protein found in epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of teeth, and horns of animals

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63
Q

keratolytic

A

agent used to breakdown/loosen hardened layer o skin

64
Q

laceration

A

tear in the skin

65
Q

lanugo

A
  • soft, very fine hair

- covers body of developing fetus, gone by birth

66
Q

lesion

A

any visible damage to the tissues of the skin

wound, sore, rash, boil

67
Q

lipocyte

A

fat cell

68
Q

lunula

A

crescent-shaped pale area at the base of finger or toe nail

69
Q

macrophage

A

large phagocytic cell occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue
aka histiocyte

70
Q

macule

A

small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
ex. bruises, freckles, measles rashes

71
Q

mast cell

A
  • in connective tissue

- contains heparin and histamine; releases in response to injury/infection

72
Q

melanin

A
  • black or dark pigment
  • contributes to color of skin
  • helps filter ultraviolet (UV) rays
73
Q

melanocytes

A

cells responsible for producing melanin

74
Q

nail body

A

visible part of nail

75
Q

nodule

A

small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin

76
Q

oil gland

A
  • one of many small glands in dermis
  • provide oil to hair and surrounding skin
  • aka sebaceous gland
77
Q

onycholysis

A

separation of a fingernail from its bed

78
Q

onychomyosis

A

fungal infection of the nails

79
Q

onychophagia

A

habit of biting the nails

80
Q

pachyderma

A

abnormal thickening of the skin

81
Q

papule

A

small, solid, circumscribed elevation of the skin

ex. pimple, wart, mole

82
Q

paronychia

A

inflammation of the fold of the skin surrounding the fingernail (runaround)

83
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

84
Q

perspiration

A

sweat; clear, water, odorless fluid produced by sweat gland

85
Q

petechia

A

small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin

86
Q

pimple

A

papule or pustule of the skin

87
Q

polyp

A
  • small, stalk-like growth
  • protrudes outward from the mucous membrane
  • resembles mushroom stalk
  • ex. nasal polyp
88
Q

pores

A

openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts, and some fatty substances are excreted

89
Q

pressure ulcer

A
  • inflammation in the skin over a bony prominence
  • bedsore, decubitis ulcer
  • resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to an area due to prolonged pressure
  • may cause necrosis
90
Q

pruritus

A

itching

91
Q

purpura

A

bleeding disorders

92
Q

decubitis ulcer

A
  • inflammation in the skin over a bony prominence
  • bedsore, pressure ulcer
  • resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to an area due to prolonged pressure
  • may cause necrosis
93
Q

pustule

A

small elevation of skin filled with pus

small abscess

94
Q

scales

A

thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from epidermis

95
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

cyst filled with cheesy material consisting of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in duct of sebaceous gland
aka epidermoid cyst

96
Q

sebaceous gland

A
  • oil gland in dermis

- secretes sebum/oil which lubricates the hair and keeps the skin pliable and soft

97
Q

seborrhea

A
  • excessive secretion of sebum

- results in excessive oiliness or dry scales

98
Q

sebum

A
  • oily secretions of the sebaceous glands

- lubricates hair and keeps skin pliable and soft

99
Q

skin tags

A
  • small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowths on the skin
  • often on neck
  • aka cutaneous papilloma
100
Q

squamous epithelial cells

A

flat, scale-like cells arranged in layers/strata

101
Q

squamous epithelium

A

single layer of plate-like cells that cover internal/external body surfaces

102
Q

stratified

A

layered, arranged in layers

103
Q

stratum

A

uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells

104
Q

stratum basale

A

layer of skin where new cells are continually reproduced, pushing older cells to outermost surface layer

105
Q

stratum corneum

A
  • outermost layer of epidermis
  • consists of dead cells that converted to keratin
  • kertatinized or horny cell layer (kerat/o=horny)
106
Q

stretch marks

A
  • linear tears in dermis

- results of overstretching due to rapid growth

107
Q

subcutaneous layer

A
  • under dermis

- contains loose connective tissue and adipose (fatty tissue)

108
Q

subungual hematoma

A

blood beneath nail bed; from injury

109
Q

sudoriferous gland

A
  • sweat gland
  • found on almost all body surfaces
  • eliminates waste and cools the body by evaporation
110
Q

sweat gland

A
  • sudoriferous
  • found on almost all body surfaces
  • eliminates waste and cools the body by evaporation
111
Q

sweat

A

clear, odorless fluid

sweat + bacteria on skin = odor

112
Q

ulcer

A

circumscribed, open sore or lesion on skin

accompanied by inflammation

113
Q

urticaria

A

appearance of smooth, slightly elevated paleness that are redder or paler than surrounding skin
-sever itching

114
Q

vesicle

A
  • a small, thin-walled skin lesion
  • contains clear fluid
  • blister
115
Q

vitiligo

A
  • skin disorder
  • non-pigmented patches of white skin
  • surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation
  • Michael Jackson
116
Q

wheal

A

circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of skin that is paler in center than surrounding edges; hives

117
Q

whitehead

A

closed comedo caused by buildup of keratin and sebum within opening of hair follicle

118
Q

xanthoderma

A

yellow coloration of skin

119
Q

xeroderma

A

chronic skin condition; roughness and dryness

120
Q

nevus

A

mole

121
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back, and neck

  • causes papules, putules, comedons
  • becomes infected with bacteria causing really bad acne
  • increased sebum = greasy skin
122
Q

burns

A

tissue injury produced by flame, heat, radiation, chemicals or gasses
-burn degree classified by depth of injury

123
Q

1st degree burn

A

superficial; redness/swelling of epidermis

124
Q

2nd degree burn

A
  • partial thickness

- involves epidermis and upper layer of dermis

125
Q

3rd degree burn

A
  • full-thickness

- down to subcutaneous and sometimes muscle

126
Q

4th degree burn

A

down to muscle and bone

skin regenerates, muscle does not - once it’s gone it’s gone

127
Q

callus

A

common, painless thickening of epidermis at sites of external pressure of friction
(feet and palm of hand, ex. ill fitting shoes)

128
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A
  • most common malignant epithelial tumor
  • found in areas exposed to the sun
  • elevated nodule with depression in center
  • rarely metastasize
  • recurring, usually in same spot
129
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • malignancy of squamous or scale-like cells of the epithelial tissue
  • faster grown than basal cell
  • potential for metastasis is increased if not treated
  • found on sun exposed skin
  • firm, flesh-colored, or red papule sometimes with crusted appearance
130
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

may be acute, chronic, contact, or seborrheic

131
Q

Eczema

A
  • non-infectious, red, itchy skin
  • acute/chronic
  • has erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs
  • 9-12% of population affected (com childhood)
  • caused from allergic reaction
132
Q

exanthematous viral diesases

A

skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation; have features of infectious viral diseases

133
Q

herpes zoster

A
  • aka shingles
  • acute viral infection
  • painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following nerve pathways
  • very contagious; recurring - can’t get rid of
  • 20% of population; most com in 50+
  • caused by reactivation of latent vari cella virus (chickenpox)
134
Q

shingles

A
  • aka herpes zoster
  • acute viral infection
  • painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following nerve pathways
  • very contagious; recurring - can’t get rid of
  • 20% of population; most com in 50+
  • caused by reactivation of latent vari cella virus (chickenpox)
135
Q

carcinoma

A

skin cancer

136
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

overgrowth of horny layers in epidermis

occurs in psoriasis, calluses, corns

137
Q

impetigo

A
  • contagious bacterial infection around nose and mouth
  • vesicles and pustules, crusty appearance
  • common in kids
  • treat with antibiotics
138
Q

kaposis sarcoma

A
  • rare vascular malignant lesions
  • soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet that spread throughout the skin
  • found often in men; associated with AIDS
  • treatment: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cryrosurgery, laser surgery
139
Q

keloid

A

large, elevated, irregularly shaped scars formed by collagen

140
Q

keratosis

A
  • skin condition

- thickening and overgrowth of cornified epithelium

141
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

brown or waxy yellow wart-like lesion

loosely attached to skin surface

142
Q

actinic keratosis

A
  • premalignant gray or red-brown hardened lesion

- caused by excessive exposure to sunlight

143
Q

leukoplakia

A
  • white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to mucous membrane
  • found on mouth, vulva, penis
  • caused from irritating tobacco smoke or friction caused by rough tooth or dentures
  • 3% develop into cancerous lesions
144
Q

malignant melanoma

A
  • malignant skin tumor
  • comes from melanoctes in per-existing nevi or freckles
  • darkly pigmented cancerous tumor
  • irregular surface and border-less, variable color, greater than 6mm (remove)
  • usually on trunk in men, legs in women
145
Q

nevus

A

mole

146
Q

onychocryptosis

A

ingrown nail (common on large toe)

147
Q

onychomycosis

A
  • fungal infection of nails
  • nail becomes opaque, white, thickened
  • easily broken (friable)
  • older people get them
  • contagious and recurring
148
Q

pediculosis

A
  • highly contagious parasitic infection caused by blood-sucking lice
  • found on head, body, eyelashes, eyelids, and pubic hair
149
Q

pemphigus

A
  • rare incurable disorder

- manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin which spread to involve large areas of the body

150
Q

pilondial cyst

A
  • cyst in the sacrococcygeal area of the back
  • asymptomatic unless infected
  • treatment = incision and drainage
151
Q

psoriasis

A
  • common, noninfectious, chronic skin disorder
  • silvery white scales over raised, red plaques
  • causes pruritis
  • noninfectious, not contagious
  • no cure, treatment = medication and UV light
  • skin isn’t shedding in these areas = buildup
  • hereditary disorder
152
Q

rosacea

A
  • chronic inflammatory skin disease

- redness on skin of the middle third of the face

153
Q

scabies

A
  • highly contagious
  • parasitic infestation caused by “human itch mite”
  • results in rash and pruritis
  • found on genital area, armpits, waistline, hands, and breats
154
Q

scleroderma

A

gradual thickening of the dermis and swelling of the hands and feet; skin becomes anchored to underlying tissue

155
Q

tinea

A 
Ringworm
Capitis=scalp
Corporis=body
Cruris=groin
Pedis=foot

HIT 140 (12 decks)

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