5. Integumentary System Flashcards
abrasion
a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane because of friction
ex. carpet burn
abscess
- localized collection of pus
- located under skin
albinism
absence of a pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes
albino
individual with a deficiency of pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes
alopecia
- partial or complete loss of hair
- reasons: aging, medication, endocrine disorder, skin disease
amputation
- surgical removal of a body part of limb
- performed to treat gangrene
basal layer
deepest layer of epidermis
blackhead
- an open comedo
- caused by a buildup of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
blister
small thin-walled skin lesion
containing clear fluid
vesicle
boil
localized pus-producing infection
originating deep in a hair follicle
furnucle
bruise
bluish-black discoloration of the skin
ecchymosis
bullar
large blister
carbuncle
- circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues
- contains pus
- eventually discharges to skins surface
cellulitis
- acute infection of the skin
- hot, deep redness, pain and swelling
cerumen
- earwax
- yellowish-brown waxy substance
- protects eardrum
ceruminious gland
modified sweat gland that lubricates the ear canal with cerumen
cicatrix
- a scar
- the pale, firm tissue that forms in the healing of a wound
cicumscribed
- confined to a limited or well defined area
- as if a circle were drawn around it
collagen
- protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissues
- tendons, ligaments, fascia
comedo
-typical lesion of acne vulgaris
-caused by buildup of keratin and sebum within opening of a hair follicle
closed = whitedhead, open = blackhead
contusion
injury without a break in the skin
corium
- the inner, thicker layer of skin under epidermis
- aka dermis
cryrosurgery
- noninvasive treatment for skin cancer, warts, etc
- liquid nitrogen creates subfreezing temps that freeze and destroy bad and surrounding tissue
curettage
scraping away abnormal tissue from the wall of a cavity or other surface
cutaneous membrane
the skin; integument
cuticle
fold of skin that covers root of finger or toe nail
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of skin/nails
anything below 90-100% oxygen is bad
cyst
closed sac or pouch in skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid, or solid material
debridement
removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
dermatology
study of skin
dermatologist
physician who specializes in skin diseases and disorders
dermis
inner, thicker layer of skin below epidermis
aka corium
diaphoresis
secretion of waste
ecchymosis
bluish-black discoloration of skin as a result of injury (bruise)
electrodesiccation
electrical current used to destroy superficial lesions
epidermis
- outermost layer of skin
- no blood or nerve supply here
epidermoid cyst
- a cyst filled with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris
- formed in duct of sebaceous gland
- aka sebaceous cyst
epithelium
tissue that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body
erythremia
abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
aka polycythemia vera
erythema
redness of skin due to capillary dilation
ex. nervous blushing or mild sunburn
erythroderma
redness of skin due to capillary dilation
ex. nervous blushing or mild sunburn
excoriation
an injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma (scratching/abrasion)
exfoliation
peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells
ex. skin after sever sunburn
fissure
a crack-like groove or sore in the skin or mucous membrane (ex. anal fissure, athlete’s foot)
fistula
abnormal passage way between 2 tubular organs or from organ to body surface
furuncle
localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; boil
gangrene
-tissue death
-due to loss of adequate blood supply and invasion of bacteria
-produces foul odor and turns black
-most often in extremities
necrotic tissue removed by debridement or amputation
ischemia
loss of blood supply to an area
hair follicle
tiny tube within dermis that contains root of hair shaft
hair shaft
visible part of hair
hemangioma
- benign mass of blood vessels
- noncancerous tumor; reddish-purple color
heparin
natural anticoagulant substance produced by body tissue
hirsutism
excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern; occurring in women
histamine
- substance that is released in allergic inflammatory reactions
- found in all cells
histiocyte
macrophage, large phagocytic cell occurring in the walls of blood vessels and connective tissues
phagocytic cell
cells that ingest microorganisms, other cells, and foreign materials
hives
- circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin
- pater in the center than surrounding edges
- aka wheal
hydrocele
collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male
integument
the skin; cutaneous membrane
integumentary system
- body system
- includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
keratin
hard fibrous protein found in epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of teeth, and horns of animals
keratolytic
agent used to breakdown/loosen hardened layer o skin
laceration
tear in the skin
lanugo
- soft, very fine hair
- covers body of developing fetus, gone by birth
lesion
any visible damage to the tissues of the skin
wound, sore, rash, boil
lipocyte
fat cell
lunula
crescent-shaped pale area at the base of finger or toe nail
macrophage
large phagocytic cell occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue
aka histiocyte
macule
small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
ex. bruises, freckles, measles rashes
mast cell
- in connective tissue
- contains heparin and histamine; releases in response to injury/infection
melanin
- black or dark pigment
- contributes to color of skin
- helps filter ultraviolet (UV) rays
melanocytes
cells responsible for producing melanin
nail body
visible part of nail
nodule
small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin
oil gland
- one of many small glands in dermis
- provide oil to hair and surrounding skin
- aka sebaceous gland
onycholysis
separation of a fingernail from its bed
onychomyosis
fungal infection of the nails
onychophagia
habit of biting the nails
pachyderma
abnormal thickening of the skin
papule
small, solid, circumscribed elevation of the skin
ex. pimple, wart, mole
paronychia
inflammation of the fold of the skin surrounding the fingernail (runaround)
pediculosis
infestation with lice
perspiration
sweat; clear, water, odorless fluid produced by sweat gland
petechia
small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin
pimple
papule or pustule of the skin
polyp
- small, stalk-like growth
- protrudes outward from the mucous membrane
- resembles mushroom stalk
- ex. nasal polyp
pores
openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts, and some fatty substances are excreted
pressure ulcer
- inflammation in the skin over a bony prominence
- bedsore, decubitis ulcer
- resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to an area due to prolonged pressure
- may cause necrosis
pruritus
itching
purpura
bleeding disorders
decubitis ulcer
- inflammation in the skin over a bony prominence
- bedsore, pressure ulcer
- resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to an area due to prolonged pressure
- may cause necrosis
pustule
small elevation of skin filled with pus
small abscess
scales
thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from epidermis
sebaceous cyst
cyst filled with cheesy material consisting of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in duct of sebaceous gland
aka epidermoid cyst
sebaceous gland
- oil gland in dermis
- secretes sebum/oil which lubricates the hair and keeps the skin pliable and soft
seborrhea
- excessive secretion of sebum
- results in excessive oiliness or dry scales
sebum
- oily secretions of the sebaceous glands
- lubricates hair and keeps skin pliable and soft
skin tags
- small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowths on the skin
- often on neck
- aka cutaneous papilloma
squamous epithelial cells
flat, scale-like cells arranged in layers/strata
squamous epithelium
single layer of plate-like cells that cover internal/external body surfaces
stratified
layered, arranged in layers
stratum
uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells
stratum basale
layer of skin where new cells are continually reproduced, pushing older cells to outermost surface layer
stratum corneum
- outermost layer of epidermis
- consists of dead cells that converted to keratin
- kertatinized or horny cell layer (kerat/o=horny)
stretch marks
- linear tears in dermis
- results of overstretching due to rapid growth
subcutaneous layer
- under dermis
- contains loose connective tissue and adipose (fatty tissue)
subungual hematoma
blood beneath nail bed; from injury
sudoriferous gland
- sweat gland
- found on almost all body surfaces
- eliminates waste and cools the body by evaporation
sweat gland
- sudoriferous
- found on almost all body surfaces
- eliminates waste and cools the body by evaporation
sweat
clear, odorless fluid
sweat + bacteria on skin = odor
ulcer
circumscribed, open sore or lesion on skin
accompanied by inflammation
urticaria
appearance of smooth, slightly elevated paleness that are redder or paler than surrounding skin
-sever itching
vesicle
- a small, thin-walled skin lesion
- contains clear fluid
- blister
vitiligo
- skin disorder
- non-pigmented patches of white skin
- surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation
- Michael Jackson
wheal
circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of skin that is paler in center than surrounding edges; hives
whitehead
closed comedo caused by buildup of keratin and sebum within opening of hair follicle
xanthoderma
yellow coloration of skin
xeroderma
chronic skin condition; roughness and dryness
nevus
mole
Acne Vulgaris
inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back, and neck
- causes papules, putules, comedons
- becomes infected with bacteria causing really bad acne
- increased sebum = greasy skin
burns
tissue injury produced by flame, heat, radiation, chemicals or gasses
-burn degree classified by depth of injury
1st degree burn
superficial; redness/swelling of epidermis
2nd degree burn
- partial thickness
- involves epidermis and upper layer of dermis
3rd degree burn
- full-thickness
- down to subcutaneous and sometimes muscle
4th degree burn
down to muscle and bone
skin regenerates, muscle does not - once it’s gone it’s gone
callus
common, painless thickening of epidermis at sites of external pressure of friction
(feet and palm of hand, ex. ill fitting shoes)
basal cell carcinoma
- most common malignant epithelial tumor
- found in areas exposed to the sun
- elevated nodule with depression in center
- rarely metastasize
- recurring, usually in same spot
squamous cell carcinoma
- malignancy of squamous or scale-like cells of the epithelial tissue
- faster grown than basal cell
- potential for metastasis is increased if not treated
- found on sun exposed skin
- firm, flesh-colored, or red papule sometimes with crusted appearance
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
may be acute, chronic, contact, or seborrheic
Eczema
- non-infectious, red, itchy skin
- acute/chronic
- has erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs
- 9-12% of population affected (com childhood)
- caused from allergic reaction
exanthematous viral diesases
skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation; have features of infectious viral diseases
herpes zoster
- aka shingles
- acute viral infection
- painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following nerve pathways
- very contagious; recurring - can’t get rid of
- 20% of population; most com in 50+
- caused by reactivation of latent vari cella virus (chickenpox)
shingles
- aka herpes zoster
- acute viral infection
- painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following nerve pathways
- very contagious; recurring - can’t get rid of
- 20% of population; most com in 50+
- caused by reactivation of latent vari cella virus (chickenpox)
carcinoma
skin cancer
hyperkeratosis
overgrowth of horny layers in epidermis
occurs in psoriasis, calluses, corns
impetigo
- contagious bacterial infection around nose and mouth
- vesicles and pustules, crusty appearance
- common in kids
- treat with antibiotics
kaposis sarcoma
- rare vascular malignant lesions
- soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet that spread throughout the skin
- found often in men; associated with AIDS
- treatment: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cryrosurgery, laser surgery
keloid
large, elevated, irregularly shaped scars formed by collagen
keratosis
- skin condition
- thickening and overgrowth of cornified epithelium
seborrheic keratosis
brown or waxy yellow wart-like lesion
loosely attached to skin surface
actinic keratosis
- premalignant gray or red-brown hardened lesion
- caused by excessive exposure to sunlight
leukoplakia
- white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to mucous membrane
- found on mouth, vulva, penis
- caused from irritating tobacco smoke or friction caused by rough tooth or dentures
- 3% develop into cancerous lesions
malignant melanoma
- malignant skin tumor
- comes from melanoctes in per-existing nevi or freckles
- darkly pigmented cancerous tumor
- irregular surface and border-less, variable color, greater than 6mm (remove)
- usually on trunk in men, legs in women
nevus
mole
onychocryptosis
ingrown nail (common on large toe)
onychomycosis
- fungal infection of nails
- nail becomes opaque, white, thickened
- easily broken (friable)
- older people get them
- contagious and recurring
pediculosis
- highly contagious parasitic infection caused by blood-sucking lice
- found on head, body, eyelashes, eyelids, and pubic hair
pemphigus
- rare incurable disorder
- manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin which spread to involve large areas of the body
pilondial cyst
- cyst in the sacrococcygeal area of the back
- asymptomatic unless infected
- treatment = incision and drainage
psoriasis
- common, noninfectious, chronic skin disorder
- silvery white scales over raised, red plaques
- causes pruritis
- noninfectious, not contagious
- no cure, treatment = medication and UV light
- skin isn’t shedding in these areas = buildup
- hereditary disorder
rosacea
- chronic inflammatory skin disease
- redness on skin of the middle third of the face
scabies
- highly contagious
- parasitic infestation caused by “human itch mite”
- results in rash and pruritis
- found on genital area, armpits, waistline, hands, and breats
scleroderma
gradual thickening of the dermis and swelling of the hands and feet; skin becomes anchored to underlying tissue
tinea
Ringworm Capitis=scalp Corporis=body Cruris=groin Pedis=foot
