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HIT 140 > 4. Whole Body Terms > Flashcards

4. Whole Body Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

The cavity beneath the thoracic cavity

Contains the gallbladder, intestines, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, and stomach

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2
Q

abdominoplevic cavity

A

Describes the abdominal and pelvic cavity collectively

Refers to the space between the diaphragm and the groin

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3
Q

anaplasia

A

A change in the structure and orientation of cells,

Characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form

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4
Q

anatomical position

A

References the body as a whole

Person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; head and feet also forward

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5
Q

anterior

A

Pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body

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6
Q

aplasia

A

Without growth of organ or tissue

A developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue

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7
Q

cardiac muscle

A

The muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart

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8
Q

caudal

A

Pertaining to the tail

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9
Q

cell

A

The smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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10
Q

cell membrane

A

The semipermeable barrier around a cell

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11
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

The first 7 segments of the spinal column

C1-C7

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12
Q

chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction

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13
Q

coccyx

A

The tailbone.

Located at the end of the vertebral column

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14
Q

connective tissue

A

Supporting tissue
Tissue that supports and binds other tissue and body parts
Ex. Adipose, blood, bone, cartilage, fat, ligaments, tendons

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15
Q

cranial

A

Pertaining to the skull or cranium

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16
Q

cranial cavity

A

The cavity that contains the brain

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17
Q

cytology

A

The study of cells

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18
Q

cytoplasm

A

Gel-like substance that contains cell organs called organelles

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19
Q

organelles

A

Carryout the essential functions of a cell

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20
Q

deep

A

Away from the surface and toward the inside of the body

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21
Q

distal

A

Away from or farthest from the torso/trunk

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22
Q

dorsal cavity

A

Pertaining to the back

Contains cranial and spinal cavities

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23
Q

dorsum

A

The back or posterior surface of a part

In the foot, the top of the foot

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24
Q

dysplasia

A

Any abnormal development of tissues or organs

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25
Q

epigastric region

A

Region above the stomach

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26
Q

diaphragm

A

Separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities

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27
Q

epithelial tissue

A

Tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs

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28
Q

frontal plane

A

AKA Coronal plane

Vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet; dividing the body into front and back sections

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29
Q

genes

A

Segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics

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30
Q

histologist

A

A medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues

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31
Q

hyperplasia

A

Excessive tissue

Increase in the number of cells of a body part

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32
Q

hypogastric region

A

Below the stomach

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33
Q

hypoplasia

A

Underdeveloped tissue

Incomplete or underdeveloped organs or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells

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34
Q

inferior

A

Below or downward toward the tail or feet

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35
Q

inguinal regions

A

Groin

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36
Q

intervertebral disc

A

A falt, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae

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37
Q

lateral

A

Toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body

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38
Q

long axis

A

The imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head down to feet; midline of the body

39
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

The largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. Consists of 5 large segments

40
Q

lysosomes

A

Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm
Contain digestive enzymes
Destroy bacteria by digesting them
Garbagemen

41
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

Point on the right side of the abdomen between the umbilicus and anterior bony protrusion of the hip
May suggest appendicitis

42
Q

medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

43
Q

mediolateral

A

Pertaining to the middle and side of a structure

44
Q

membrane

A

A thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space

45
Q

midline of the body

A

An imaginary line created when the body is divided into equal left and right halves

46
Q

midsagittal plane

A

AKA sagittal plane

The plane that dives the body or structure into right and left portions

47
Q

mitochondria

A

Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm
Provides the energy for essential functions
Powerhouse

48
Q

Munro’s Point

A

A point on the left side of the body between the umbilicus and anterior bony protrusion of the hip

49
Q

muscle tissue

A

The tissue capable of producing movement by contracting and relaxing the fibers
Three types: skeletal, smooth/visceral, cardiac

50
Q

navel

A

The umbilicus; the belly button

51
Q

neoplasia

A

The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant

52
Q

nervous tissue

A

Tissue that transmits nerve impulses that control the many functions of the body

53
Q

nucleus

A

Central part of a cell
Contains chromosomes (DNA)
Enclosed within cell membrane

54
Q

organ

A

Tissues arranged together to perform a special function

55
Q

pelvic cavity

A

The lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs

56
Q

peritoneum

A

Serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall

Reflected over the contained viscera

57
Q

plane

A

Imaginary slices made though the body as if a dividing sheet where passed through the body at a particular angle and/or direction

58
Q

plantar

A

Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot

59
Q

posterior

A

Pertaining to the back of the body

60
Q

pronation

A

A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward

61
Q

prone

A

Lying facedown on the abdomen

62
Q

proximal

A

Toward or nearest to the torso/trunk

63
Q

ribosomes

A

Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm
Synthesize (makes) proteins
Called “protein factories”

64
Q

sacrum

A

The singular triangular-shaped bone near end of vertebral column

65
Q

skeletal muscle

A

Muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton

66
Q

smooth muscle

A

Muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines

67
Q

spinal cavity

A

The cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord

68
Q

superficial

A

Pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface

Ex paper cut

69
Q

supination

A

A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward

70
Q

superior

A

Above or upward toward the head

71
Q

supine

A

Lying horizontally on the back, face-up

72
Q

system

A

Organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole

73
Q

thoracic cavity

A

The chest cavity; contains aorta, esophagus, heart, lungs, and trachea

74
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

The second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest

75
Q

tissue

A

A group of cells that perform specialized/common functions

Four types: connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

76
Q

transverse plane

A

AKA axial plane

Planes cutting perpendicular through the body, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) regions

77
Q

umbilical region

A

Belly button

Region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen; below the epigastric region

78
Q

umbilicus

A

Navel, belly button

Landmark for dividing the quadrants of the abdomen

79
Q

ventral cavity

A

Pertaining to the front, belly side

Contains thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

80
Q

visceral

A

Pertaining to the internal organs

81
Q

visceral muscle

A

Muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines

82
Q

Coronal plane

A

Body plane
AKA Frontal plane
Divides body into front and back sections

83
Q

axial plane

A

AKA transverse plane

Planes cutting perpendicular through the body, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) regions

84
Q

sagittal plane

A

AKA midsagittal plane

The plane that dives the body or structure into right and left portions

85
Q

Three body planes

A

Coronal/frontal
Axial/transverse
Sagittal/midsagittal

86
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant

Gallbladder

87
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

Stomach, spleen, pancreas

88
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant

Appendicitis , ovaries

89
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant
Large/small intestine
Ovaries

90
Q

Two major body cavities

A

Ventral and dorsal

91
Q

ventral

A

AKA anterior

Toward the belly of the body, front

92
Q

anterior

A

AKA ventral

Toward the belly of the body, front

93
Q

dorsal

A

AKA posterior

Pertaining to the ba

94
Q

posterior

A

AKA dorsal

Pertaining to the back

HIT 140 (12 decks)

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