4. Whole Body Terms Flashcards
Abdominal cavity
The cavity beneath the thoracic cavity
Contains the gallbladder, intestines, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, and stomach
abdominoplevic cavity
Describes the abdominal and pelvic cavity collectively
Refers to the space between the diaphragm and the groin
anaplasia
A change in the structure and orientation of cells,
Characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form
anatomical position
References the body as a whole
Person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; head and feet also forward
anterior
Pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body
aplasia
Without growth of organ or tissue
A developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
cardiac muscle
The muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart
caudal
Pertaining to the tail
cell
The smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter
cell membrane
The semipermeable barrier around a cell
cervical vertebrae
The first 7 segments of the spinal column
C1-C7
chromosomes
Threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction
coccyx
The tailbone.
Located at the end of the vertebral column
connective tissue
Supporting tissue
Tissue that supports and binds other tissue and body parts
Ex. Adipose, blood, bone, cartilage, fat, ligaments, tendons
cranial
Pertaining to the skull or cranium
cranial cavity
The cavity that contains the brain
cytology
The study of cells
cytoplasm
Gel-like substance that contains cell organs called organelles
organelles
Carryout the essential functions of a cell
deep
Away from the surface and toward the inside of the body
distal
Away from or farthest from the torso/trunk
dorsal cavity
Pertaining to the back
Contains cranial and spinal cavities
dorsum
The back or posterior surface of a part
In the foot, the top of the foot
dysplasia
Any abnormal development of tissues or organs
epigastric region
Region above the stomach
diaphragm
Separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities
epithelial tissue
Tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs
frontal plane
AKA Coronal plane
Vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet; dividing the body into front and back sections
genes
Segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
histologist
A medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
hyperplasia
Excessive tissue
Increase in the number of cells of a body part
hypogastric region
Below the stomach
hypoplasia
Underdeveloped tissue
Incomplete or underdeveloped organs or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells
inferior
Below or downward toward the tail or feet
inguinal regions
Groin
intervertebral disc
A falt, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae
lateral
Toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body
long axis
The imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head down to feet; midline of the body
lumbar vertebrae
The largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. Consists of 5 large segments
lysosomes
Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm
Contain digestive enzymes
Destroy bacteria by digesting them
Garbagemen
McBurney’s Point
Point on the right side of the abdomen between the umbilicus and anterior bony protrusion of the hip
May suggest appendicitis
medial
Toward the midline of the body
mediolateral
Pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
membrane
A thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space
midline of the body
An imaginary line created when the body is divided into equal left and right halves
midsagittal plane
AKA sagittal plane
The plane that dives the body or structure into right and left portions
mitochondria
Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm
Provides the energy for essential functions
Powerhouse
Munro’s Point
A point on the left side of the body between the umbilicus and anterior bony protrusion of the hip
muscle tissue
The tissue capable of producing movement by contracting and relaxing the fibers
Three types: skeletal, smooth/visceral, cardiac
navel
The umbilicus; the belly button
neoplasia
The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant
nervous tissue
Tissue that transmits nerve impulses that control the many functions of the body
nucleus
Central part of a cell
Contains chromosomes (DNA)
Enclosed within cell membrane
organ
Tissues arranged together to perform a special function
pelvic cavity
The lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs
peritoneum
Serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall
Reflected over the contained viscera
plane
Imaginary slices made though the body as if a dividing sheet where passed through the body at a particular angle and/or direction
plantar
Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot
posterior
Pertaining to the back of the body
pronation
A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward
prone
Lying facedown on the abdomen
proximal
Toward or nearest to the torso/trunk
ribosomes
Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm
Synthesize (makes) proteins
Called “protein factories”
sacrum
The singular triangular-shaped bone near end of vertebral column
skeletal muscle
Muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton
smooth muscle
Muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
spinal cavity
The cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord
superficial
Pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface
Ex paper cut
supination
A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward
superior
Above or upward toward the head
supine
Lying horizontally on the back, face-up
system
Organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole
thoracic cavity
The chest cavity; contains aorta, esophagus, heart, lungs, and trachea
thoracic vertebrae
The second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest
tissue
A group of cells that perform specialized/common functions
Four types: connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous
transverse plane
AKA axial plane
Planes cutting perpendicular through the body, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) regions
umbilical region
Belly button
Region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen; below the epigastric region
umbilicus
Navel, belly button
Landmark for dividing the quadrants of the abdomen
ventral cavity
Pertaining to the front, belly side
Contains thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
visceral
Pertaining to the internal organs
visceral muscle
Muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
Coronal plane
Body plane
AKA Frontal plane
Divides body into front and back sections
axial plane
AKA transverse plane
Planes cutting perpendicular through the body, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) regions
sagittal plane
AKA midsagittal plane
The plane that dives the body or structure into right and left portions
Three body planes
Coronal/frontal
Axial/transverse
Sagittal/midsagittal
RUQ
Right upper quadrant
Gallbladder
LUQ
Left upper quadrant
Stomach, spleen, pancreas
RLQ
Right lower quadrant
Appendicitis , ovaries
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
Large/small intestine
Ovaries
Two major body cavities
Ventral and dorsal
ventral
AKA anterior
Toward the belly of the body, front
anterior
AKA ventral
Toward the belly of the body, front
dorsal
AKA posterior
Pertaining to the ba
posterior
AKA dorsal
Pertaining to the back
