4. Whole Body Terms (reverse) Flashcards
The cavity beneath the thoracic cavity
Contains the gallbladder, intestines, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, and stomach
Abdominal cavity
Describes the abdominal and pelvic cavity collectively
Refers to the space between the diaphragm and the groin
abdominoplevic cavity
References the body as a whole
Person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; head and feet also forward
anatomical position
A change in the structure and orientation of cells, Characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form
anaplasia
Without growth of organ or tissue
A developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
aplasia
Pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body
anterior, ventral
The muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart
cardiac muscle
Pertaining to the tail
caudal
The smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter
cell
The semipermeable barrier around a cell
cell membrane
The first 7 segments of the spinal columnC1-C7
cervical vertebrae
Threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction
chromosomes
Supporting tissue
Tissue that supports and binds other tissue and body parts
Ex. Adipose, blood, bone, cartilage, fat, ligaments, tendons
connective tissue
The tailbone.Located at the end of the vertebral column
coccyx
Pertaining to the skull or cranium
cranial
The cavity that contains the brain
cranial cavity
The study of cells
cytology
Gel-like substance that contains cell organs called organelles
cytoplasm
Carryout the essential functions of a cell
organelles
Away from the surface and toward the inside of the body
deep
Away from or farthest from the torso/trunk
distal
Pertaining to the backContains cranial and spinal cavities
dorsal cavity
The back or posterior surface of a partIn the foot, the top of the foot
dorsum
Any abnormal development of tissues or organs
dysplasia
Region above the stomach
epigastric region
Separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities
diaphragm
Tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs
epithelial tissue
Vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet; dividing the body into front and back sections
frontal plane, coronal plane
Segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
genes
A medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
histologist
Excessive tissueIncrease in the number of cells of a body part
hyperplasia
Below the stomach
hypogastric region
Underdeveloped tissueIncomplete or underdeveloped organs or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells
hypoplasia
Below or downward toward the tail or feet
inferior
Groin
inguinal regions
A flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae
intervertebral disc
Toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body
lateral
The imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head down to feet; midline of the body
long axis
Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm
Contain digestive enzymes Destroy bacteria by digesting them
Garbagemen
lysosomes
The largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. Consists of 5 large segments
lumbar vertebrae
Point on the right side of the abdomen between the umbilicus and anterior bony protrusion of the hipMay suggest appendicitis
McBurney’s Point
Toward the midline of the body
medial
Pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
mediolateral
A thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space
membrane
Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm
Provides the energy for essential functions
Powerhouse
mitochondria
An imaginary line created when the body is divided into equal left and right halves
midline of the body
A point on the left side of the body between the umbilicus and anterior bony protrusion of the hip
Munro’s Point
The tissue capable of producing movement by contracting and relaxing the fibersThree types: skeletal, smooth/visceral, cardiac
muscle tissue
The umbilicus; the belly button
navel
The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant
neoplasia
Central part of a cell
Contains chromosomes (DNA)
Enclosed within cell membrane
nucleus
Tissue that transmits nerve impulses that control the many functions of the body
nervous tissue
Tissues arranged together to perform a special function
organ
Serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall
Reflected over the contained viscera
peritoneum
The lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs
pelvic cavity
Imaginary slices made though the body as if a dividing sheet where passed through the body at a particular angle and/or direction
plane
Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot
plantar
Pertaining to the back of the body
posterior
A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward
pronation
Lying facedown on the abdomen
prone
Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm
Synthesize (makes) proteins
Called “protein factories”
ribosomes
Toward or nearest to the torso/trunk
proximal
The singular triangular-shaped bone near end of vertebral column
sacrum
Muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton
skeletal muscle
Muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
smooth muscle
Pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface
Ex paper cut
superficial
The cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord
spinal cavity
A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward
supination
Above or upward toward the head
superior
Lying horizontally on the back, face-up
supine
Organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole
system
The chest cavity; contains aorta, esophagus, heart, lungs, and trachea
thoracic cavity
The second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest
thoracic vertebrae
Belly button
Region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen; below the epigastric region
umbilical region
Navel, belly button
Landmark for dividing the quadrants of the abdomen
umbilicus
A group of cells that perform specialized/common functionsFour types: connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous
tissue
Pertaining to the front, belly sideContains thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
ventral cavity
Pertaining to the internal organs
visceral
Muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
visceral muscle
Planes cutting perpendicular through the body, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) regions
axial plane, transverse plane
Coronal/frontal
Axial/transverse
Sagittal/midsagittal
Three body planes
Right upper quadrant
Gallbladder
RUQ
Left upper quadrant
Stomach, spleen, pancreas
LUQ
Right lower quadrant
Appendicitis , ovaries
RLQ
Left lower quadrant
Large/small intestine
Ovaries
LLQ
The plane that dives the body or structure into right and left portions
sagittal plane, midsagittal plane
Ventral and dorsal cavities
Two major body cavities
Pertaining to the back
dorsal, posterior
