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SF3 - Test 1 > 5 - EKG Introduction > Flashcards

5 - EKG Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

A _______ wave of depolarizion within the myocytes flows toward the _______ electrode.

This will record as a ______ on the EKG.

A

Positive, Positive

Positive

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2
Q

The ________ is the heart’s dominant pacemaker.

In what direction does the wave of depolarization spread from this location?

A

SA Node

Spread in all directions (pebble dropped in pool of water)

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3
Q

P Wave

A

Each depolarization wave emitted by the SA Node as it spreads to both atria, represents simultaneous contraction of the atria

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4
Q

What valves does blood flow through when a P Wave is produced?

A

Atrioventricular (AV)

Mitral

TRicuspid (R Atrium - R Ventricle)

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5
Q

What valve controls flow from the right ventricle to the polmonary circulation?

What vessel does this flow through?

A

Pulmonary Valve

Pulmonary Artery

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6
Q

What valve separates the Left Atrium and the Left Ventricle?

What valve separates the Left Ventricle and Systemic Circulation? What Vessel is this?

A

MitraL Valve

Aortic Valve, Ascending Aorta

MitraL is on the Left side

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7
Q

What directly follows the P Wave on an EKG?

A

A brief flatline, or pause which allows the atria to empty completely before ventricles contract

Depolarization slows as it progresses from SA - AV Node

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8
Q

What is the major ion for slow conduction through AV Node?

A

Ca2+

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9
Q

What ions are key for the fast conduction from the His Bundle Branches through the Purkinje fibers?

A

Fast Na+ ions

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10
Q

Depolarization of the _______ along terminal filaments of Purkinje fibers produces what on the EKG?

A

Entire ventricular myocardium

QRS Complex

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11
Q

How does the conduction of purkinje fibers spread within the myocardium?

A

From endocardium to epicardium

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12
Q

What EKG complex represents the beginning of ventricular contraction?

A

QRS Complex

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13
Q

Q Wave

R Wave

Are Q Waves always present on EKGs?

A

First downward wave of the QRS Complex (Q)

First upward wave of the QRS Complex (R)

No, Q Wave is OFTEN ABSENT on EKG

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14
Q

If there is any upward deflection in a QRS complex, what type of wave is it?

A

R Wave

By definition, a Q Wave is the first downward wave of a QRS Complex; if it goes UPWARD it is NOT a Q Wave

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15
Q

S Wave

A

The downward wave (S) preceded by an upward wave (R)

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16
Q

What is a QS Wave?

A

A negative “V”

The downward portion is the Q

Upward is the S

An R would be positive

17
Q

What is the horizontal baseline immediately following QRS Wave on EKG?

What is the broad hump following this?

What does this entire area represent?

A

Plateau Phase - ST Segment

T Wave

Ventricular Repolarization

18
Q

What does an abnormal (elevated/depressed) ST Segment usually represent?

A

Imminent pathological problems

19
Q

T Wave

A

Final “rapid” phase of ventricular repolarization, during which ventricular repolarization occurs quickly and effectively

20
Q

What is the principle ion for repolarization?

A

K+ ions leaving myocytes

21
Q

Through what EKG periods does systole (contraction) occur?

What is significant about this range?

Clinical implications?

A

Begins with QRS through end of T Wave

QT Interval

Clinical: Lonq QT Syndrome rapid ventricular rhythms

22
Q

QTc Intervals

General rule of thumb?

A

QT Intervals are corrected for heart rate

Normal: QT Interval < 0.5 R-to-R Interval

23
Q

Key Ions:

Calcium

Potassium

Sodium

A

Calcium - Myocyte contraction

Potassium- Myocyte repolarization

Sodium - Cell to Cell depolarization (Exception: AV node depends on slow Ca2+ ions)

24
Q

Standard time scale on EKG graph?

A

X - axis

Small square = 0.04 seconds

Large square = 0.2 seconds

25
Q

What are the bipolar leads?

What are the augmented leads?

A

Bipolar: I , II, III

Augmented Limb Leads: AVR, AVL, AVF

26
Q

Inferior Leads?

Lateral Leads?

A

Inferior Leads: III , AVF , II

Lateral Leads: AVL , I

27
Q

What is clinically relevant regarding V2?

A

It is coming straight out from patient’s chest, their back is considered negative

28
Q

What are the right chest leads?

What are the left chest leads?

A

Right: V1 , V2

Left: V5, V6

29
Q

A depolarization moving towards V6 causes what type of deflection on an EKG?

A

UPWARD deflection–depolarization begins at the SA node, and moves LEFT

30
Q

What is the location of V3 and V4 in relation to the heart?

A

V3 and V4 are over the interventricular septum

V3 - Right Ventricle

V4 - Left Ventricle

31
Q

What is the planar orientation of all 12 leads in the EKG?

A

Limb leads are in the frontal plane

Chest leads are in the horizontal plane

32
Q
A

SF3 - Test 1 (28 decks)

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