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SF3 - Test 1 > 1 - Pleura and Lungs > Flashcards

1 - Pleura and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Two layers of pleural cavity?

A

Parietal Pleura - lines Thoracic Wall

Visceral Pleura - lines Lungs

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2
Q

Purpose of Serous Fluid?

A

Lubrication

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3
Q

Development of Pleural Cavities: Stage 1

Source of the Laryngotracheal Tube?

A

Pleural Cavity develops from coelomic space and lined by coelomic membrane

- - -

Laryngotracheal Tube is outgrowth from foregut

Lung buds form from this structure and invaginate the pleural (coelomic) cavity

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4
Q

Development of Pleural Cavities: Stage 2

A

Lung buds push against the Pleural Cavity which becomes the Visceral Pleura (adherent to the organ surface)

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5
Q

Development of Pleural Cavities: Stage 3

A

Further growth of lung decreases size of pleural cavity.

Bronchus and blood vessels to lung become covered with pleura.

  • Parietal Pleura lines thoracic wall and is continuous with Visceral Pleura
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6
Q

What layer of fascia separates thoracic wall from pleura?

A

Endothoracic Facia

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7
Q

Recesses of Pleural Cavity?

Clinical implications?

A

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

Costomediastinal Recess

Cotodiaphragmatic Recesses are slit like spaces of reflection of costal pleuae to disphragmatic pleurae–space for fluid build up/drainage

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8
Q

Clinical: Pleural Effusion

A

Occurs when excess fluid accumulates within the pleural space

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9
Q

Inferior border of pleura?

Superior Border?

A

Extends from Rib 8 to Vertebra T12, Anterior to Posterior

- - -

Superior border about 1” ABOVE costal cartilage of rib one–neck wound could damage lungs

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10
Q

Borders of Lungs

Location:

Midclavicular Plane

Midaxillary Plane

Posterior-Inferior Border

A

Midclavicular Plane

Base of Lung - Rib 6

Base of Pleural Cavity - Rib 8

Midaxillary Plane

Base of Lung - Rib 8

Base of Pleural Cavity - Rib 10

Posterior-Inferior Border

Base of Lung - Vert. T10

Base of Pleural Cavity - Vert. T12

**ADD TWO EACH STEP

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11
Q

Clinical: Pneumothorax

A

Collection of gas or air within the pleural cavity, two types: Closed and Open

Closed: Air enters pleural cavity from rupture of air tubes at surface of lungs

Open: Air enters pleural cavity from cannel through thoracic wall (knife wound/gun shot)

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12
Q

Clinical: Conditions of Pleural Cavities (PC)

Pneumothorax

Hemothorax

Pyothorax

Hydrothorax

Chylothorax

Pleurisy

A

Pneumothorax - Air in PC

Hemothorax - Blood in PC

Pyothorax - Pus in PC

Hydrothorax - Excess tissue fluid due to congestive heart failure

Chylothorax - Chyle, milky lymph from intestins due to tear in thoracic duct

Pleurisy - Inflammation of pleura, result in audible pleural friction rub

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13
Q

Referred pain from Pleura?

A

Phrenic Nerve - Mediastinal Pleura and Central Part of Diaphragmatic Pleura (C3/4/5)

Intercostal Nerves - Innervate costal pleura and pleura of peripheral diaphragm

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14
Q

Development of Respiratory System

A

Laryngotracheal Tube Bifurcates into Two Lung Buds

These form:

  1. Main Bronchi (Primary)
  2. Lobar Bronchi (Secondary)
  3. Segmental Bronchi (Tertiary)
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15
Q

Embryology: Where are the linings of air passageways derived from?

A

Endoderm

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16
Q

Embryology: What forms the cartilage, smooth muscle, and connective tissue of the air passageways and lungs?

A

Splanchnic Mesoderm

17
Q

Clinical: Tracheoesophageal Fistula with Esophageal Atresia

A

Due to improper fusion of tracheoesophageal folds, requires surgery

Results in polyhydraamios since amniotic fluid drank by fetus can’t enter stomach

18
Q

Lung Structure: Fissures

A

Separate lungs into lobes

Right - Three (superior, middle, inferior)

Left - Two (superior, inferior)

Oblique - In both lungs, separates superior/inferior

Horizontal - Separates middle/superior in right lung

19
Q

Lung Structure: Cardiac Notch

A

Indentation in the anterior border of the left superior lobe

20
Q

Lung Structure: Lingula

A

“Tongue” of the left superior lobe, located below cardiac notch

Extends into left costomediastinal recess during normal inspiration

21
Q

Lung Structure: Base of Lung

A

Is 2 ribs higher than parietal pleura

22
Q

Lung Structure: Fissure Location

Clinical?

A

Oblique: Rib 6 to Spine of T3

Horizontal: lies along line from 4th costal cartilage to oblique at midaxillar line

Clinical: For auscultation, superior love is mostly anterior, while inferior is most posterior

23
Q

Lung Structure: Hilum of Lung

Locations/Arrangement

A

Part of lung where nerves and vessels enter/exit

Contains bronchi, pulmonary artery/vein, bronchial arteries/eins, lymph vessels, and autonomic nerves

Bronchus - Posterior

Pulmonary A. - Ant/Sup

Pulmonary V. - Ant/Inf

Eparterial Bronchus - Only on Right Side, superior to Pulmonary A.

24
Q

Lung Structure: Root of Lung

Pulmonary Ligament

A

Collectin of neurovascular structures that supply lung, covered by pleura

Pulmonary Ligament - two layers of pleura in direct contact with eachother inferior to root, does NOT contain major neurovascular structures

25
Q

Trachea

A

Begins in neck below larynx, midline, enters thoracic cavity

Composed of “C-shaped” cartilaginous rings connected by muscle/connective tissue; cartilage keeps it open (patency)

26
Q

Bronchus

Divisions

A

Same cartilage as lungs

Right Main (Principle) - Divides into Superior, Middle, Inferior Lobar Bronchi (three on right)

Left Main (Principle) - Divides into Superior, Inferior Lobar Bronchi (two on left)

Lobar Bronchi - Divide into segmental bronchi to supply bronchopulmonary segments

27
Q

Bronchopulmonary Segment

A

Surgical / Functional Unit of lung; supplied by own branch of pulmonary artery and bronchial artery

Pulmonary Veins located within septa between two segments, drain adjacent segments

Approximately 10 segments per lung

28
Q

Blood Supply to Lungs: Arterial

A
  1. Deoxygenated Blood Supply to Respitory Cells = Pulmonary Circulation

Pulmonary Trunk = Deoxygenated

Pulmonary Veins = Oxygenated (leave lungs)

  1. Oxygenated = Non-respiratory function

Bronchial Arteries: Follow bronchial tree to supply lung tissue, left = 2, right = 1

Bronchial Veins: Right = Drain Azygous, Left = Drain Hemiazygous/Acc. Hemiazygous

29
Q

Lung Lymphatics: Deep Lymphatic Plexus

A

Deep Lymphatic Plexus - Pulmonary Nodes - Bronchopulmonary Nodes (@ hilum)

30
Q

Lung Lymphatics: Superficial Lymphatic Plexus

A

Superficial Lymphatic Plexus - Bronchopulmonary Nodes

31
Q

Lung Lymphatics: Further Drainage

A

Bronchopulmonary Nodes - Tracheobronchial Nodes - Right/Left Bronchomediastinal Trunks - Right/Left Brachiocephalic Veins (root of neck) OR right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

32
Q

Pulmonary Plexus of Nerves

A

Parasympathetics:

Constrict Respiratory Passageways

Vasodilation

Increase Secretion of Mucous

Sympathetics:

Dilate Respiratory Passageways (bronchodilation)

Vasoconstriction

Decrease Secretion of Mucous

33
Q
A

SF3 - Test 1 (28 decks)

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