5. Acute Physiological Responses To Exercise Key Terms Flashcards
What is an acute response?
the body’s immediate, short-term responses that last only for the duration of the training or exercise session and for a short time afterwards (recovery)
What is arteriovenous oxygen difference? (A-VO2 diff)
a measure of the difference in the concentration of oxygen in the arterial blood and the concentration of oxygen in the venous blood. It is measured in millilitres per 100 millilitres of blood.
What is blood pressure?
the pressure exerted by the blood against the arterial walls as it is forced through the circulatory system by the action of the heart. It has two components: systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
What is cardiac output (Q)?
the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart per minute; Q̇ = heart rate (HR) × stroke volume (SV)
What is diastolic blood pressure?
the blood pressure recorded during the relaxation phase of the heart cycle. It is the lower of the two blood-pressure values.
What is excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?
the amount of oxygen consumed during the recovery period after the cessation of an exercise bout that is over and above the amount usually required during rest
What is heart rate (HR)?
the number of times the heart contracts or beats per minute
What is maximum heart rate (MHR)?
the highest heart rate value achieved in an all-out effort to the point of exhaustion
What is maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max)?
the maximum amount of oxygen per minute that can be taken in, transported and utilised by the body for energy production
What is an oxygen deficit?
the state in which there is a discrepancy (shortfall) between oxygen supply and the oxygen needed to meet the energy requirements of the activity. The anaerobic pathways must supplement the energy demands of the activity.
What is oxygen uptake (VO2)?
the amount of oxygen transported to, taken up by and used by the body for energy production
What is pulmonary diffusion?
the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration between the alveoli and the surrounding capillaries
What is respiratory rate?
the number of breaths taken per minute
What is resting heart rate?
the number of heartbeats per minute while the body is at rest — usually an average of 70 beats per minute for an adult
What is steady state?
the state in which oxygen supply equals oxygen demand so that virtually all the required ATP to maintain the current exercise intensity is being supplied aerobically.
What is stroke volume (SV)?
the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each beat (contraction) of the heart
What is systolic blood pressure?
the blood pressure recorded as blood is ejected during the contraction phase of the heart cycle. It is the higher of the two blood-pressure values.
What is tidal volume (TV)?
the amount of air inspired and expired by the lungs per breath
What is vasoconstriction?
the process where blood vessels narrow or constrict as a response to a decreased demand for oxygen delivery to muscle tissue
What is vasodilation?
the process whereby blood vessels increase their internal diameter as a response to an increased demand for oxygen delivery to muscle tissue
What is ventilation?
the amount of air inspired or expired per minute by the lungs. Ventilation (V) = respiratory rate × tidal volume.
