4. Biomechanical Principles Key Terms Flashcards
What is angular displacement?
the change of angle between the initial and final position
What is angular distance?
the angle between the initial and final position
What is angular motion?
takes place when a body moves along a circular path
What is angular speed?
the change in angular distance over time
What is angular velocity?
the change in angular displacement over time, which indicates how quickly an object rotates
What is balance?
the ability to control the state of equilibrium
What is centre of mass?
the position where the weight of the object is evenly distributed
What is displacement?
the difference between the initial position and final position of an object
What is distance?
the length of space between two points
What is dynamic equilibrium?
the state in which a body is in motion with a constant velocity
What is eccentric force?
a force that is off-centre or not directly through an object’s centre of mass
What is force?
the product of mass and acceleration
What is force summation?
the correct timing and sequencing of body parts to produce maximal force
What is general motion?
the combination of linear and angular motion
What is impulse?
the product of force and time
What is inertia?
the resistance of a body to a change in its state of motion
What is linear motion?
occurs either in a straight line or curved path
What is mass?
the quantity of matter found within a particular body
What is moment of inertia?
a measure of an object’s resistance to change in its rate of rotation
What is momentum?
the product of mass and velocity; for example, a body with greater mass moving faster will have greater momentum than a lighter object moving slower
What is motion?
the change in position of a body in relation to time
What is Newton’s first law of motion?
states that an object will stay at rest or continue to travel in the same direction at a constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force
What is Newton’s second law of motion?
states that the rate of acceleration of a body is proportional to the force applied to it and in the direction in which the force is applied
What is Newton’s third law of motion?
states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is speed?
the rate of motion (distance/time)
What is stability?
the degree to which a body resists changing its equilibrium
What is static equilibrium?
the state in which a body has zero velocity and zero acceleration. A body is in equilibrium when the sum of all forces and the sum of all movements acting on the body are zero
What is torque?
a force that is applied at a distance away from the centre of mass, that causes the object to rotate
What is velocity?
the rate of the speed at which an object moves its position
