5 Flashcards
Wat is een issue
A public concern about the organization’s decision and operations
Wat is een crisis
An issue that requires not just decisive but also immediate action from
the organization
A critical and intense issue that threatens the very existence of an
organization, in terms of its basic assumptions, values, and ways of
operating
How to determine the present intensity of an issue
Determining the present intensity of the issue by considering:
■ How likely it is to trigger government action or impact on public opinion?
■ The likelihood of the issue continuing
■ The ability of the organization to influence its resolution
■ The key stakeholder groups and publics that are involved with the issue
Position importance matrix
Life cycle of an issue
Volgens welke fases wordt een issue een crisis
Latent: An issue can become an issue when the public opinion changes to a concern therefore you have to monitor the public opinion
Active: Issue becomes active when it gets media attention and the public opinion on it changes
Intense: Increasing pressure on the organisation to so something about it
Crisis
Welke 4 dingen bevatten het proces van managing issues
- environmental scanning: 2 analytical tools
- issue identification & analysis
- issue-specific response strategies
- evaluation
Welke tools zijn er om issues te managen analytical tools
DESTEP
■ Demographic: increased demand for milk powder in China
■ Economic: Slump & recession
■ Social: Demand for corporate citizenship
■ Technological: Online shops
■ Ecological: increased demand for ‘green’ energy
■ Political:
■ → developments and factors expected to have an impact upon the
organization and its operations
○ SWOT analysis
■ Strength
■ Weaknesses
■ Opportunities
■ Threats
Wat is de position importance matrix
A y-as from -5 to 5 from people who are against to people who support
A x-as from not important to important
Exists of:
Low-priority: Likely to support no power not important
Problematic: likely to oppose no power not important
Supporter: Supports important a lot of power
Antagonistic: opposes important a lot of power
Wat is the life cycle of an issue
Emerge: Identify the current stage of the issue(latent,active,intense or crisis)
Debate: issue gets publicity
Codification: How the public views the issue
Enforcement: boycotts or political action
Wat zijn de issue-specific response strategies
Buffering strategy
* Bridging strategy
* Advocacy strategy
* Thought leadership strategy
Wat is een bridging strategy
Being open to change and recognizing the issue and its inevitability
● Conform to external expectations by changing organizational
activities
● Accommodate them within organizational plans and operations
Wat is een buffering strategy
An attempt to ‘stonewall the issue’ and delay its development
● Continue with existing behaviour
● Postpone decisions
● Remain silent
● Keep the issue from interfering with internal operations
Wat is een thought-leadership strategie
Identifying salient, emergent issues before they
become active or intense
● Proactively stake out a leadership position
● Given by personal convictions of the CEO, market conditions or a
generally changing industry or sector
Wat is een advocacy strategie
An attempt to try to change stakeholder expectations and public opinions on an issue through campaigns and lobbying
● Alter opinions and expectations to conform to present practices, output and values
● Persuade stakeholders that the organization’s position is rationally
acceptable and morally legitimate
Wat is indirect influence
Advocating a certain framing to influence
the government
For example when you want harder sustainability rules you frame on the consequences of things that are bad for the environment so the government changes the rules
Issue framing
Wat is direct influence
1: lobbying: an individual (lobbyist)designated by an organization or interest group to facilitate influencing public policy in that
organization’s or interest group’s favour
2: political action: a fund for political
donations made up of money from an organization’s members or employees committees (PACs)
3: industry coalitions: an alliance of
organizations in the same industry who lobby or donate to influence the policy-formation process
4: grassroots campaigning: an organization
engaging with members of its own group and/or others with a stake in an issue to
persuade legislators to support its public
policy goals
