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Year 4-Block One: Reproduction and Child health > 5. 11/09/20 > Flashcards

5. 11/09/20 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the differentials for a pansystolic murmur in a child?

A

Mitral regurgitation

VSD

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2
Q

What murmurs would you hear in children at the left upper sternal edge?

A

ASD/ pulmonary stenosis

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3
Q

Where does pulmonary stenosis radiate to in children?

A

The back and the axilla

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4
Q

What condition is coarctation of the aorta associated with?

A

Coarctation
Turn
The aorta turns

It is Turner’s syndrome

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5
Q

What heart conditions cause hepatomegaly in an infant?

A

all of them?

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6
Q

What else causes hepatomegaly in infants?

A

Neoplasm
Infection
Storage disorders

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7
Q

What bloods should be done for hepatomegaly

A

HEP A.B,C. FBC,
blood film, metabolic screen, NH4, lactate,
urine amino assay
Liver USS

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8
Q

If a child has arching of the back during/after feeding

A

Pyloric stenosis

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9
Q

What is carobel

A

Milk thickener

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10
Q

What is the difference between GORD and reflux?

A

FTT, Aspiration pneumonia, oesophageal scars- GORD

None of this- reflux

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11
Q

What signs of pyloric stenosis are seen on examination

A

Projectile vomiting

Noticeable peristalsis

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12
Q

What are the two reactions that occur in response to cow’s milk allergy

How do you tell them apart

A

IgE mediated- within 2 hours

Non- IgE mediated- 2 days- 1 weeks time

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13
Q

What type of babies typically get GORD?

A

More common in preterm

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14
Q

What are the treatments for cow’s milk allergy?

A

Amino acid feeds

Hydrolysed milk

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15
Q

What alternatives to cow’s milk are not recommended?

A

Soya (not in under 6 months)
Rice milk not recommended (arsenic <4.5 years)
Goat milk not recommended as too similar to cow’s

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16
Q

What is the milk ladder?

A

Ladder that shows how much milk should be introduced to non-IgE mediated reaction cow’s milk allergy

IgE people need skin prick test

17
Q

A child has abdo pain, mass, hypertension?

A

Adrenal neuroblastoma or Willm’s heamatoma

18
Q

What is the main cause of pyelonephritis?

A

E.coli

19
Q

What are the two different presentations of pyelonephritis?

A

bacteraemia and fever >38

loin pain and bacteramia (no fever)

20
Q

What do all children with pyelonephritis get?

A

Renal USS

21
Q

What antibiotics are given for a UTI in children?

A

<3 months- IV ceftiaxone
>3 months IV ceftiaxone

Can add gent if not improving

22
Q

What is a classical presentation o finusussception?

A

Crampy and getting worse
Most common cause of obstruction
6 months- 3 years
Legs drawn up , red current jelly sttols

23
Q

What are the complications of intususception?

A

Perforation and necrosis

24
Q

How do you diagnose intussusception?

A

Air enema and contrast, diagnostic therapy

25
Q

What organism is well known for causing extreme secretory diarrhoea

A

Cholera

Year 4-Block One: Reproduction and Child health (16 decks)

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