3. 04/09/20

Question 1

What medications are used to reverse the following?

paraceteml overdose
opiates
Benzodiazipines
Bradycardia
Poisons

Answer 1

Paracetemol- n-acetyl cystine
Opiates- naoxone
Benzo's- flumazenil
Bradycardia- atropine
Poisons- activated charcoal

Question 2

What is meant by malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 2

Hyperthermia that is very hard to treat

usually caused by sucmethasone allergy (anesthetic) leads to rigid muscle contraction and an excess production of heat

Question 3

How does a club foot (talipes) present

Answer 3

The foot is help higher up, adducted, inverted, plantarflexed and internally rotated

Question 4

What reflexes are present in babies?

Answer 4

Palmar grasp
Sucking reflex
Stepping reflex
Rooting reflex
moro reflex- baby throws hands out when falling

Question 5

Where is a PDA murmur heard?

Answer 5

Radiates under the clavicles

Question 6

Give some examples of anti-histamines?

Answer 6

Citrizine

Clomenephine

Question 7

What is involved in the palliative care medicine bundle (5)

Answer 7

Morphine
Benzos
Anti-cholinergics (buscapan) for the throat
paracetamol
haloperidol/atropine- no idea

Question 8

How do you assess a ortho patient post op?

Answer 8

colour, sensation, motor

Question 9

What chemical is most important to replace when re-nutrition

Answer 9

Magnesium before calcium, phosphate etc

Question 10

What crystals cause gout and pseudogout

Answer 10

Calcium pyrophosphate- pseudogout

Gout- uric acid

Question 11

What does a blue on the testicles indicate?

Answer 11

appendix of morgagni

Question 12

Where do the testicles from?

Answer 12

Develop retroperitoneally beside the kidneys

Question 13

What is balantis xeritco balantis

Answer 13

Scarring disease of the foreskin

Question 14

What is paraphimosis

What is phimosis

Answer 14

Phimosis- tight foreskin, should resolve with baths etc (cant be pulled down)

Paraphimosis- the same except can be pulled down just not back up

Question 15

How much feed volume should baby receive?

Answer 15

150ml/kg/day

Question 16

What is a variocele?

What is a hydrocele?

Answer 16

Variocele- distended veins (bag of worms)

Hydrocele- liquid in the testis (lava lamp)

Question 17

How long do you have for fertility when someone presents to A&E

Answer 17

Golden hour for fertility

Question 18

What is hirschprung’s disease?

How do you test for it?

Answer 18

The rectal ganglia does not form properly and it leads to a pseudo-obstruction

Intermittent rectal biopsies to grade the severity of the disease

Question 19

What is found in the blood gases of a baby with pyloric stenosis?

Answer 19

Hypokalceimic, hypochloric metabolic alkalosis

Question 20

A baby has episodes of crying then going still and looking dead. then they go back to crying. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 20

Volvulus- obstruction and fecal holding

Question 21

What is the difference between exophalmos and gastrochisis?

Answer 21

Gastrochisis- bowel develops outside body in utero.

Exompthalmos- hernia out of belly button.. mainly bowel and liver. contained in a sac.

Question 22

What is meant by VACTERL

Answer 22

V-ertebral defects
A- nal atresia
C-ardiac defects
T-E- trachooesophageal fistula
R-enal abnormalities
L-imb abnormalities

A child with VACTERL usually has 3 or more of these

Question 23

What are the features of down’s syndrome?

Answer 23

low muscle tone
small stature
upward slant to the eyes,
single deep crease across the center of the palm
Small head, ears, and mouth
a skin fold that comes out from the upper eyelid and covers the inner corner of the eye

Question 24

What conditions are associated with Down’s?

Answer 24

speech and language
hearing and vision (glue ear)
autism
alzeihmers and dementia
hypothyroidism
blood disorders (polycythemia, thrombocytosis)
Atrioventricular Septal Defect , Ventricular Septal Defect, PDA and ToF.
Hirschprung's, constipation