Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry Key Information > 4th Year Dementia > Flashcards

4th Year Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the dementias?

A

group of neurodegenerative diseases that lead to global cognitive decline and impairment in individual’s ability to carry out ADLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cognitive deficits in dementia

A 
memory
aphasia
agnosia
apraxia
abulia
apathy
orientation
personality/ behaviour
distractibility
lack of insight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

secondary dementias are reversible, their causes?

A 
alcohol
drugs
depression
tumours
normal pressure hydrocephalus
metabolic (B12)
hypothyroidism
infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RF for development of dementia

A 
age
genetics
FH
smoking
alcohol
atherosclerosis
elevated LDL
diabetes
high levels of homocysteine
mild cognitive impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

patients presenting <65

A

YOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

patients presenting >65

A

LOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

beta-amyloid protein and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles cause death of neurones, reduction in ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

presentation of Alzheimer’s disease

A 
4A's
amnesia
aphasia
agnosia (recognising people/ objects)
apraxia (learned movements)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

management of Alzheimer’s disease

A

AChEI

memantine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does vascular dementia present with?

A

step-wise deterioration
difficulties with problem solving, planning , communication and emotional lability
insight preserved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

management of vascular dementia

A

reduce cardiovascular RF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is dementia with Lewy bodies?

A

deposits of alpha-synuclein protein causes decreased ACh and DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

presentation of DLB

A

parkinsonism
visual hallucinations
fluctuations
REM sleep disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

management of DLB

A

AChEI

memantine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is FTD?

A

neuronal cell death in frontal and temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

who does FTD present in?

A

YOD

45-65 year olds

17
Q

three types of FTD

A
  1. behavioural variant (Pick’s disease)
  2. progressive non-fluent aphasia
  3. semantic dementia
18
Q

presentation of Pick’s disease

A

personality change (impulsive), lack of empathy, apathy, OCD, fatty/sugary foods

19
Q

presentation of semantic dementia

A

language
comprehension
recognising people and objects

20
Q

management of FTD

A

antipsychotics for behaviour

SALT

21
Q

how often do you review mild cognitive impairment?

A

every 6 months to a year

22
Q

when is power of attorney granted?

A

when the patient is well

23
Q

when is guardianship granted?

A

by a sheriff when the patient is unwell as they have not granted someone prior

24
Q

what to rule out in the diagnosis of dementia

A

constipation
infection
medications (anticholinergic burden)

25
Q

cognitive testing in dementia

A

MoCA
ACE-III
MMSE

26
Q

CTs in dementia for?

A

SOLs
normal pressure hydrocephalus
stroke
lobe atrophy

27
Q

when is a DaT scan used?

A

PD

DLB

28
Q

examples of AChEI

A

donepezil
galantamine
rivastigmine

29
Q

when is rivastigmine first line?

A

DLB

30
Q

when is memantine used?

A

if AChEI are not tolerated

31
Q

contraindications to AChEI

A

peptic ulcer disease
cardiac arrhythmias
resting HR <60

32
Q

what to check before starting AChEI?

A

baseline pulse
ECG

bradycardia risks falls in elderly

33
Q

action of memantine?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist so reduces glutamate

34
Q

what does the anticholinergic burden cause?

A

increased risk of cognitive impairment
falls
delirium

35
Q

medications that can contribute to anticholinergic burden?

A 
antihistamines
antidepressants
antiemetics
antipsychotics
PD medication
36
Q

management of delusions and hallucinations

A 
music
exercise
behavioural interventions
aromatherapy
antipsychotics
37
Q

how long are antipsychotics licensed for in dementia?

A

6 weeks as can cause falls, parkinsonism and increase risk of stroke

38
Q

which antipsychotics are licensed in BPSD

A

risperidone

haloperidol

39
Q

management of insomnia

A

hypnotics

sedating antipsychotics

Psychiatry Key Information (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions