4th: Gum disease

Question 1

What is the most common disease in dogs and cats?

Answer 1

Adult-onset gum disease

Question 2

Above how much tooth motility is painful?

Answer 2

Any, but especially more than 1mm

Question 3

What are four local complications of periodontal disease?

Answer 3

Mandibular fracture, osteomyelitis, oro-nasal fistula, mucosal ulceration

Question 4

What is plaque made of?

Answer 4

Bacterial biofilm made of salivary glycoprotein, commensal aerobes, polysaccharide matrix

Question 5

What happens to plaque as it thickens?

Answer 5

Shifts to anaerobes

Question 6

After how many days does plaque become mature?

Answer 6

After day 2

Question 7

What is the problem with mature plaque?

Answer 7

Causes periodontal disease

Question 8

What is the cause of gingivitis?

Answer 8

Irritation by plaque

Question 9

Is gingivitis painful?

Answer 9

No - bleeding doesn’t mean pain

Question 10

What does plaque become as it mineralises?

Answer 10

Calculus / tartar / scale

Question 11

After how long does plaque becomes mineralised?

Answer 11

After two days

Question 12

How does mineralised plaque form?

Answer 12

Ca salts from saliva adhere to surface

Question 13

What is the correlation between tartar and periodontal disease?

Answer 13

None

Question 14

What happens during periodontitis?

Answer 14

Gum attachment loss, bone loss, attachment migration, pocket formation, ulceration

Question 15

Which cats and dogs are more prone to periodontitis?

Answer 15

Pure breeds, smaller body size

Question 16

Which four structures can plaque adhere to?

Answer 16

Calculus, enamel defects, fractured teeth, exposed cementum

Question 17

What are four plaque stagnation factors?

Answer 17

Periodontal pockets, crowding teeth, gingival recession or hyperplasia, malocclusion

Question 18

Do you need to eat for plaque to form?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Which foods result in less plaque dislodgement?

Answer 19

Soft or brittle

Question 20

What is the ideal food to prevent plaque like?

Answer 20

Tough, non-sticky, maximises tooth contact, maximum physical exercise of periodontium

Question 21

Which dental procedures can cause bacteraemia?

Answer 21

Scaling, extraction, chewing esp with large pockets, more mobility, more teeth affected

Question 22

At what age do gum problems usually start?

Answer 22

3-4 years

Question 23

What is the most important parameter for the prognosis of the tooth?

Answer 23

Pocket depth (go round the whole tooth and find the deepest part)

Question 24

How far below the gumline can brushing get?

Answer 24

Only 1mm

Question 25

What are four critera to extract a tooth?

Answer 25

Mobility grade 3, pocket depth, furcation in 3-rooted teeth, no opposite tooth

Question 26

What is stage 0 periodontal disease?

Answer 26

Normal

Question 27

What is stage 1 periodontal disease?

Answer 27

Gingivitis

Question 28

What is stage 2 periodontal disease?

Answer 28

Below 25% attachment loss

Question 29

What is stage 3 periodontal disease?

Answer 29

25-50% attachment loss

Question 30

What is stage 4 periodontal disease?

Answer 30

Over 50% attachment loss