(4C, Ch28) Body Composition Flashcards

1
Q

Which gives information about fitness (e.g. aerobic capacity or muscular strength)?

A. Skinfold thicknesses
B. Body segment girths
C. Waist circumference
D. BMI
E. None of ‘em!

A

E. None of ‘em!

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2
Q

The mortality risk curve is ____ than it had been in previous decades

A

flatter

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3
Q

______ is used to estimate body density by water displacement. If mass is known, they can calculate density using relative densities of lean and fat mass

A

densitometry

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4
Q

BMI does not take into account…. (3)

A
  • gender differences
  • characteristics of sub-populations
  • where body fat is located
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5
Q

What is mass divided by volume?

torque
work
power
density

A

density

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6
Q

Which has greater density?

fat-free tissue
fat tissue

A

fat-free tissue

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7
Q

Once body density is known, it can be used to estimate these EXCEPT for…

lean mass
fat mass
bone mass

A

bone mass

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8
Q

DEXA scan is used to measure ….

A

mineral bone density

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9
Q

Body segment girths can be used to estimate body composition by measuring ….

A

body cross area

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10
Q

Fat density vs fat-free mass

A
  • Fat: 0.9 g/cm^3
  • Fat free mass: 1.1 g/cm^3
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11
Q

Human body composition in a 3-component model

A
  • bone
  • non-bone lean mass
  • fat
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12
Q

Using the WHR, the risk level is higher when the ratio is ____

A

higher

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13
Q

Abdominal fat stores carry _____ health risk than lower body fat stores.

A

more

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14
Q

What is the “reference man” BMI

A

23

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15
Q

The “reference man” has about 15% body fat. By today’s standards (compared to the majority of the US population), that’s…

pretty lean
kind of a dad bod
obese
overweight

A

pretty lean

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16
Q

For some athletes in power/strength sports, BMI is not a good indicator of body fatness or health risk, because these athletes have…

A. very high muscle mass to body mass ratio
B. a high percentage of body fat
C. lower body density than lean folks

A

A. very high muscle mass to body mass ratio

17
Q

Human body composition in a 4-component model

A
  • water
  • protein
  • skeleton
  • fat
18
Q

People within which of these ranges of BMI have greater risk of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes than people with a BMI between 20 and 25?

A. 25-30
B. 30-35
C. 35-40
D.all of the above

A

D.all of the above

19
Q

Fat deposition: Subcutaneous vs visceral

A

visceral is worse

20
Q

Fat deposition: upper vs lower body

A

Risk is higher for fat in upper body

21
Q

What is the “reference woman” BMI

22
Q

BMI equation

23
Q

Human body composition in a 2-component model

A
  • fat-free mass
  • fat
24
Q

Skin fold tests are used to ______

A

estimate body fat and fat storage in region-specific areas

25
Does fat-free mass vary with age, diff in bone mineral, and resistance training?
YES
26
Population correlations of body size with health risk _____ necessarily apply at the individual level
do not
27
Which of these can give a three-compartment (fat mass, bone mass, non-bone fat-free mass) estimate of body composition? A. skinfold measurements B. underwater weighing C. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) D. body segment girth measurements E. bioelectrical impedance measures
C. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
28
Underwater weighing or air displacement in a “Bod Pod” are used to calculate ______ after correction for air in the airway dead space and residual lung volume. height body volume body mass
body volume
29
Which gives no information about regions of fat storage? A. Skinfold thicknesses B. Body segment girths C. Waist circumference D. Waist-to-hip circumference ratio E. BMI
E. BMI
30
There’s a wider range of BMI related to minimal health risk for ____ than for _____ where risk increases at the 30 mark
women; men