(4C, Ch28) Body Composition Flashcards
Which gives information about fitness (e.g. aerobic capacity or muscular strength)?
A. Skinfold thicknesses
B. Body segment girths
C. Waist circumference
D. BMI
E. None of ‘em!
E. None of ‘em!
The mortality risk curve is ____ than it had been in previous decades
flatter
______ is used to estimate body density by water displacement. If mass is known, they can calculate density using relative densities of lean and fat mass
densitometry
BMI does not take into account…. (3)
- gender differences
- characteristics of sub-populations
- where body fat is located
What is mass divided by volume?
torque
work
power
density
density
Which has greater density?
fat-free tissue
fat tissue
fat-free tissue
Once body density is known, it can be used to estimate these EXCEPT for…
lean mass
fat mass
bone mass
bone mass
DEXA scan is used to measure ….
mineral bone density
Body segment girths can be used to estimate body composition by measuring ….
body cross area
Fat density vs fat-free mass
- Fat: 0.9 g/cm^3
- Fat free mass: 1.1 g/cm^3
Human body composition in a 3-component model
- bone
- non-bone lean mass
- fat
Using the WHR, the risk level is higher when the ratio is ____
higher
Abdominal fat stores carry _____ health risk than lower body fat stores.
more
What is the “reference man” BMI
23
The “reference man” has about 15% body fat. By today’s standards (compared to the majority of the US population), that’s…
pretty lean
kind of a dad bod
obese
overweight
pretty lean
For some athletes in power/strength sports, BMI is not a good indicator of body fatness or health risk, because these athletes have…
A. very high muscle mass to body mass ratio
B. a high percentage of body fat
C. lower body density than lean folks
A. very high muscle mass to body mass ratio
Human body composition in a 4-component model
- water
- protein
- skeleton
- fat
People within which of these ranges of BMI have greater risk of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes than people with a BMI between 20 and 25?
A. 25-30
B. 30-35
C. 35-40
D.all of the above
D.all of the above
Fat deposition: Subcutaneous vs visceral
visceral is worse
Fat deposition: upper vs lower body
Risk is higher for fat in upper body
What is the “reference woman” BMI
21.1
BMI equation
kg/m^2
Human body composition in a 2-component model
- fat-free mass
- fat
Skin fold tests are used to ______
estimate body fat and fat storage in region-specific areas
Does fat-free mass vary with age, diff in bone mineral, and resistance training?
YES
Population correlations of body size with health risk _____ necessarily apply at the individual level
do not
Which of these can give a three-compartment (fat mass, bone mass, non-bone fat-free mass) estimate of body composition?
A. skinfold measurements
B. underwater weighing
C. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
D. body segment girth measurements
E. bioelectrical impedance measures
C. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
Underwater weighing or air displacement in a “Bod Pod” are used to calculate ______ after correction for air in the airway dead space and residual lung volume.
height
body volume
body mass
body volume
Which gives no information about regions of fat storage?
A. Skinfold thicknesses
B. Body segment girths
C. Waist circumference
D. Waist-to-hip circumference ratio
E. BMI
E. BMI
There’s a wider range of BMI related to minimal health risk for ____ than for _____ where risk increases at the 30 mark
women; men
