(4B, Ch27) Microgravity

Question 1

During long term space flight, skeletal muscle strength…

A. increases, because stature increases
B. decreases due to atrophy
C. is not affected, because fluid shifts into the skeletal muscles

Answer 1

B. decreases due to atrophy

Question 2

Factors that could help explain a decline in VO2max during long-term exposure to microgravity are all EXCEPT…

A. increased skeletal muscle mitochondria
B. decreased stroke volume
C. decreased plasma volume
D. decreased number of red blood cells

Answer 2

A. increased skeletal muscle mitochondria

Question 3

All are models to help understand microgravity EXCEPT…

A. hypobaric/hypoxic tent
B. parabolic flight
C. head down bed rest
D. wheelchair confinement
E. suspension of a rodent’s hind limbs to prevent weightbearing

Answer 3

A. hypobaric/hypoxic tent

Question 4

What happens to VO2max during long-term space flight without adequate exercise countermeasures?

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

A person’s height (stature) is greatest…

A. on Earth
B. After a couple of months of microgravity
C. a day after return to Earth after spaceflight

Answer 5

B. After a couple of months of microgravity

Question 6

Long-term spaceflight appears to __________ stroke volume.

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

During long-term space flight…

A. bone loss occurs

B. there are gains in bone as stature increases

C. unloading of the bones allows greater bone mineral deposition

Answer 7

A. bone loss occurs

Question 8

Early in space flight….

A. there’s a big increase in body fluid volume

B. body fluid distribution shifts toward the upper body

C. fluid retention in the legs is a big problem

D. cardiac output increases to compensate for loss of body water

Answer 8

B. body fluid distribution shifts toward the upper body

Question 9

This factor INCREASES during spaceflight compared to its level before the flight

A. calcium excretion
B. bone mass
C. VO2max
D. skeletal muscle mass and function
E. hemoglobin concentration in the blood

Answer 9

A. calcium excretion

Question 10

After spaceflight, there’s a loss of ______, so that blood pressure to the upper body is lower than normal

Answer 10

orthostatic control

Question 11

Testing In-flight ______ in parabolic flight

Answer 11

countermeasures

Question 12

Microgravity ____ aerobic fitness in the absence of countermeasures

Answer 12

decreases

Question 13

What sort of countermeasures would be appropriate to slow the decline in VO2max in prolonged spaceflight?

A. Resistance training
B. Aerobic training
C. Plyometrics

Answer 13

B. Aerobic training

Question 14

Decreased ____ volume and ____ mass in microgravity

Answer 14

plasma; RBC

Question 15

Blood hemoglobin levels _____ during spaceflight.

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

____ volume decreases in microgravity and rapidly recovers post-flight

Answer 16

stroke

Question 17

Which would more closely mimic spaceflight in terms of effects on bone?

A. Resistance training
B. Weight-bearing exercise
C. bedrest

Answer 17

C. bedrest

Question 18

There is preferential atrophy of ____ twitch fibers in space, with the biggest differences being at ___ speeds

Answer 18

slow; slowest

Question 19

Bone loss in spaceflight would be least in…

A. Spine
B. Femurs
C. Pelvis
D. arms

Answer 19

D. arms

Question 20

Bone loss is greatest in ____ bones

Answer 20

weight bearing (spine, femor, pelvis)

Question 21

Orthostatic intolerence _____ after spaceflight

Answer 21

increases