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Kin 1060 > 4A - Glute to Thigh and knee > Flashcards

4A - Glute to Thigh and knee Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main goal/function of the upper limb

A

grasping, smaller bones so more mobile

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2
Q

what is the main goal/function of the lower limb

A

weight bearing, larger bones so more stable

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3
Q

shoulder girdle

A

minimal articulation with vertebral column

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4
Q

pelvic girdle

A

firmly attached to vertebral column

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5
Q

hip joint

A

ball and socket joint

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6
Q

flexion of the knee is on which side?

A

posterior

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7
Q

for the upper limb, which aspect does flexion occur on?

A

anterior aspect

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8
Q

limb rotation

A

process which begins around 8 weeks of gestation in which arms and legs grow out of their “bud” phases

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9
Q

lumbosacral plexus

A

formed of L2-S2 rami, supplies the lower limb

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10
Q

femoral nerve

A

innervates extensors of the knee (L2-L4)

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11
Q

obturator nerve

A

innervates the adductors of hip (extensor, L2-L4)

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12
Q

sciatic nerve

A

innervates tibial and fibular nerves (L4-S3, flexor)

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13
Q

tibial nerve

A

supplied by the sciatic nerve, flexor of the knee, plantar flexors and intrinsic flexors of foot

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14
Q

fibular nerve (common peroneal)

A

supplied by the sciatic nerve, dorsiflexors, extensors, and evertors of the foot

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15
Q

internal iliac artery

A

supply musculature and viscera of pelvis

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16
Q

external iliac artery

A

goes on to supply lower limb with oxygenated blood

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17
Q

inguinal ligament

A

ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen

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18
Q

femoral artery

A

continuation of external iliac artery inferior to inguinal ligament; supplies quadriceps group

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19
Q

deep artery of the thigh

A

main artery that serves the thigh muscles, supplies all deep musculature next to the femur

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20
Q

adductor hiatus

A

gap between the adductor Magnus muscle and the femur that allows the passage of the femoral vessels from the anterior thigh to the posterior thigh and then the popliteal fossa

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21
Q

popliteal artery

A

continuation of femoral artery, found behind the knee, that branches to supply the legs and feet

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22
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

continuation of popliteal artery which courses anteriorly between the tibia and fibula to supply the anterior leg

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23
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

continuation of popliteal artery in the back of the leg

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24
Q

medial plantar artery

A

continuation of posterior tibial artery, supplies the bottom of the foot

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25
Q

fibular artery

A

supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

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26
Q

deep veins

A

responsible for returning blood during exercise.
- starts off at posterior tibial veins and venules then goes to the popliteal vein then to the femoral vein which drains into the internal iliac vein

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27
Q

superficial veins

A

return blood at rest
- starts with the dorsal venous plexus then to the lesser saphenous vein then to the popliteal vein

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28
Q

lesser saphenous vein

A

originates on the dorsal of the foot and ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus and runs along the midline of the posterior calf; terminates as it joins the popliteal vein

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28
Q

popliteal vein

A

the vein that forms when the anterior and posterior tibial veins unite at the knee

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29
Q

fascia lata

A

layer of connective tissue overlying thigh muscles

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30
Q

iliotibial tract

A

band of longitudinal fibres on lateral side of fascia late, connects distally to the lateral condyle of tibia

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31
Q

crural fascia

A

deep fascia of the leg

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32
Q

the crural fascia splits the shank into 3 compartments; what are they called?

A

anterior, posterior, and lateral

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33
Q

where do the acetabulum and head of the femur articulate?

A

the hip

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34
Q

head of femur

A

round articular surface, joins up with pelvis to create hip joint

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35
Q

fovea of femur

A

dent in head for ligament to acetabulum

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36
Q

greater trochanter of femur

A

lateral, below neck

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37
Q

lesser trochanter of femur

A

medial side, below neck of femur

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38
Q

os coxae

A

the hipbone; formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

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38
Q

ilium

A

anterior, superior

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39
Q

ischium

A

posterior

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40
Q

pubis

A

anterior, inferior

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41
Q

auricular surface

A

where sacrum articulates with os coxae

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42
Q

obturator foramen

A

hole right at inferior aspect of os coxae

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43
Q

acetabulum

A

fusing of bones to form socket of hip

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44
Q

pubic tubercle

A

bony prominence on anterior aspect. Joins up with other half to form pubic symphysis

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45
Q

iliac crest

A

found on the top of the hip bone

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46
Q

ischial tuberosity

A

receives the weight of the body when sitting

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47
Q

acetabular labrum

A

lip of fibrocartilage that surrounds outer margin of the acetabulum on the hip bone

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48
Q

lunate surface

A

smooth articulating surface on the periphery of the acetabulum

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49
Q

ligament of head of femur

A

attaches fovea to femur

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50
Q

hip replacement

A

a surgical procedure in which the acetabulum and head of femur are replaced

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51
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

connects sacrum to ischial spine

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52
Q

sacrotuberous ligament

A

connects sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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53
Q

sacroiliac ligament

A

connects sacrum to ilium

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54
Q

greater sciatic foramen

A

pelvic opening formed y the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrum, and the sacrospinous ligament

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55
Q

lesser sciatic foramen

A

pelvic opening formed y the lesser sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrospinous ligament, and the sacrotuberous ligament

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56
Q

coccyx

A

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

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57
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

the joint between the sacrum and the ilium
- bilateral, synovial

58
Q

pubic symphysis

A

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together

59
Q

open book fracture

A

separation of pubic symphysis, normal = 4-5mm, pregnancy = 8-9mm

60
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

ligament connecting ilium and femur

61
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

ligament connecting pubis and femur

62
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

ligament connecting ischium to femur

63
Q

obturator artery

A

serves medial thigh, external genitals, perineum

64
Q

bursae

A

exist to cushion ligaments and skin that crosses over bone

65
Q

trochanteric bursa

A

separates glutes from greater trochanter

66
Q

ischiogluteal bursa

A

separates gluteus maximus from ischial tuberosity

67
Q

iliopsoas bursa

A

separates iliopsoas from hip joint capsule

68
Q

hip fracture

A

foreshortened EXTERNAL rotation. Pull on iliopsoas on greater trochanter of femur, more common in older individuals

69
Q

hip dislocation

A

foreshortened INTERNAL rotation. Posterior dislocation causes traction of the adductor group. More common in younger individuals

70
Q

foot drop

A

head of femur pushed up against a nerve. Occurs when the hip is in flexion (car accident = knees hit the dash). Characterized by an inability to dorsiflex and reduced eversion

71
Q

femoral neck fracture

A

fracture of the neck of the femur (type of hip fracture)

72
Q

gluteal muscles

A
  1. gluteus maximus
  2. gluteus medius
  3. gluteus minimus
  4. tensor fascia latae
73
Q

gluteus maximus

A

butt

74
Q

gluteus medius

A

abducts and medially rotates thigh

75
Q

gluteus minimus

A

abducts and medially rotates thigh

76
Q

tensor fascia latae

A

flexes and abducts thigh

77
Q

iliopsoas

A
  1. Iliacus
  2. psoas
78
Q

Iliacus function

A

flexes thigh

79
Q

psoas

A

loin

80
Q

deep rotator muscles

A
  1. obturator externus
  2. obturator internus
  3. gemelli
  4. piriformis
  5. quadrates femoris
81
Q

obturator externus

A

laterally rotates thigh

82
Q

obturator internus

A

laterally rotates thigh

83
Q

gemelli (location)

A

between obturator externus and obturator internus

84
Q

prirformis

A

triangular-shaped muscle, laterally rotates and abducts thigh

85
Q

quadratus femoris

A

laterally rotates thigh

86
Q

which muscles make up the thigh flexors

A

quadriceps femoris, sartorius

87
Q

sartorius

A

flexes thigh on hip

88
Q

hamstring muscles

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

89
Q

Hip adductor muscles

A

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor Magnus, gracilis, pectineus

90
Q

which muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

91
Q

which muscles are innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve

A

gluteus maximus

92
Q

where does the pedestal nerve travel

A

through the lesser sciatic foramen

93
Q

where does the obturator nerve travel?

A

passes through obturator foramen

94
Q

what does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

hip adductor muscles

95
Q

femoral triangle

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

96
Q

intercondylar notch of femur

A

on the posterior side of the femur, between the medial and lateral condyles

97
Q

patellar surface of femur

A

smooth distal anterior surface between the condyles; articulates with the patella

98
Q

what is the function of the muscles in the anterior thigh compartment, which nerve innervates them

A

extensors, innervated by the femoral nerve
- hip flexion and knee extension

99
Q

what is the function of the muscles in the medial thigh compartment, which nerve innervates them

A

adductors, innervated by the obturator nerve
- hip adduction, flexion, and medial rotation

100
Q

what is the function of the muscles in the posterior thigh compartment, which nerve innervates them

A

flexors (knee), innervated by sciatic nerve
- knee flexion, hip extension

101
Q

which muscles are in the anterior thigh compartment?

A
  • sartorius
  • pectineus
  • rectus femoris (lateralis, medialis, intermedius)
102
Q

which muscles are in the medial thigh compartment

A
  • gracilis
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
103
Q

which muscles are in the posterior thigh compartment

A
  • semi-tendinosis
  • semi-membranosis
  • biceps femoris
104
Q

what action does the rectus femoris perform

A

extends leg and flexes thigh

105
Q

what action does the vastus intermedius perform

A

extends knee

106
Q

what action does the vastus medialis perform

A

extends knee

107
Q

what action does the vastus lateralis perform

A

extends knee

108
Q

patella

A

kneecap, attaches to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, innervated by femoral nerve

109
Q

what action does the pectineus perform

A

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

110
Q

adductor brevis

A

deep to pectineus

111
Q

adductor longus

A

deep to pectineus

112
Q

adductor magnus

A

2 parts: adductor component and hamstring component

113
Q

semi-tendinosus

A

flexion of leg at the knee, extension of thigh at the hip, most superficial, rounder in shape

114
Q

semi-membranosus

A

deep to semi-tendinosus, medial, flatter in shape

115
Q

biceps femoris innervation

A

sciatic nerve

116
Q

biceps femoris location

A

lateral, long head (more superficial) and short head (more deep)

117
Q

pes anserine

A

“gooses foot”, insertion of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus. Tripod muscles

118
Q

femoral sheath

A

fascial tube containing the artery and vein (not the nerve)

119
Q

knee purpose

A

allow weight of body/thigh to be transferred to shank/ankle

120
Q

femur purpose

A

transmits force from pelvis through the knee

121
Q

tibia

A

weight bearing bone of the lower leg

122
Q

tibial tuberosity

A

attachment point for quadriceps femoris via patellar liagement

123
Q

intercondylar eminence

A

irregular projection located between the two condyles

124
Q

fibula purpose

A

provides rotational stability

125
Q

patella

A

increases force production (moment arm) at a joint

126
Q

femorotibial joint

A

joint between the femur and tibia

127
Q

patellofemoral joint

A

joint between the patella and femur

128
Q

menisci

A

pads of cartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones

129
Q

what is the purpose of menisci

A

deepen and stabilize articulating surfaces

130
Q

collateral ligaments

A

ligaments that run along the sides of the knee and limit sideways motion

131
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

a lodgement that attaches to the femur and the fibula; maintain stability of the lateral aspect of the knee joint

132
Q

medial collateral ligament

A

attached to medial meniscus, prevents abduction of tibia

133
Q

cruciate ligaments

A

make possible the movements of the knee

134
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

a ligament in the knee that attaches to the anterior spect of the tibial plateau, restricting anterior movement of the tibia on the femur

135
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

attaches to posterior tibia, prevents backward sliding of tibia and forward sliding of femur

136
Q

PCL rupture

A

anything that moves the tibia posteriorly on the femur causes an injury

137
Q

ACL rupture

A

rotation of knee where foot rotates medially and thigh rotates laterally, causes an injury

138
Q

unhappy triad

A

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

139
Q

screw home mechanism

A

allows femur to position itself on the knee to lock itself into place

140
Q

popliteus

A

unlocking of the knee. Causes rotation of the tibia and femur in opposing directions

141
Q

patellar dislocation

A

the patella becomes dislocated from the joint, most often laterally

142
Q

3 knee bursae

A

subpatellar, prepatellar, infrapatellar

143
Q

subpatellar bursa

A

protects patella from femur

144
Q

prepatellar bursa

A

protects skin from anterior aspect of knee that will move overtop of patella every time the knee is bent

145
Q

infrapatellar bursa

A

superficial and deep, cushion patellar ligament

Kin 1060 (11 decks)

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