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Kin 1060 > 3B - shoulder to elbow > Flashcards

3B - shoulder to elbow Flashcards

1
Q

where does the arterial blood supply begin on the right side

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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2
Q

right subclavian artery

A

branched off of the brachiocephalic; courses beneath clavicle towards armpit to become axillary artery; branches off a vertebral artery (to brain)

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3
Q

cubital fossa

A

triangular shaped region at anterior aspect of elbow

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4
Q

phlebotomy

A

opening of a vein to diminish the blood supply

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5
Q

upper limb

A

extends from shoulder to hand

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6
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

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7
Q

subscapular fossa

A

origin of subscapularis
- anterior aspect

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8
Q

supraspinous fossa

A

origin of supraspinatus
- posterior aspect, above spine of scapula

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9
Q

infraspinous fossa

A

origin of infraspinatus
- posterior aspect, below spine of scapula

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10
Q

acromion

A

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder

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11
Q

glenoid fossa

A

the part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint

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12
Q

coracoid process

A

process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

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13
Q

3 borders of the scapula

A

superior, lateral, medial

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14
Q

supraglenoid tubercle

A

prominence superior to the glenoid cavity

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15
Q

clavicle

A

s-shaped bone that helps support the shoulder

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16
Q

concave clavicle

A

articulates with sternum (sternal articular surface)

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17
Q

convex clavicle

A

articulates with acromion of scapula

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18
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A

between sternum and clavicle

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19
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

between acromion and clavicle

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20
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

the synovial ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder between the head of the humerus and glenoid fossa

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21
Q

scapulothoracic joint

A

not a “real” joint, but allows for movement between the scapula and thoracic cage, which is critical for arm abduction

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22
Q

anterior sternoclavicular ligament

A

helps to secure head of clavicle into sternum

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23
Q

costoclavicular ligament

A

band of connective tissue that unites the medial clavicle with the first rib

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24
Q

coracoacromial ligament

A

makes a connection between the coracoid process and the acromion

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25
Q

acromioclavicular ligament

A

connects the clavicle to the acromion

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26
Q

coracoclavicular ligament

A

connects the clavicle to the coracoid process

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27
Q

grade 1 shoulder separation

A

stretching of acromioclavicular ligament

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28
Q

grade 2 shoulder separation

A

rupture of acromioclavicular ligament, stretching of coracoclavicular ligament

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29
Q

grade 3 shoulder separation

A

rupture of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments

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30
Q

coracohumeral ligament

A

connects head of humerus to the coracoid process

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31
Q

what are the 3 glenohumeral ligaments

A

superior, middle, inferior

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32
Q

glenoid labrum

A

thickening of fibrocartilage around the glenoid fossa. deepens the socket for better contact with the humeral head. may be torn with dislocations

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33
Q

scapulohumeral rhythm

A

a regular pattern of scapular rotation that accompanies and facilitates humeral abduction

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34
Q

which joint is responsible for arm abduction when there is less than 30° of abduction

A

glenohumeral joint

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35
Q

which joint is responsible for arm abduction when there is greater than 30° of abduction

A

glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joint

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36
Q

how many degrees does the glenohumeral joint move when the scapulothoracic joint moves 1 degree

A

2 degrees

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37
Q

axilla

A

fat-filled space providing passageway for blood vessels and nerves

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38
Q

axillary lymph nodes

A

concentrated in armpit, receive lymph from upper limb and female breast

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39
Q

axilla anterior border

A

pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

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40
Q

axilla medial border

A

serratus anterior and thoracic wall

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41
Q

axilla posterior border

A

subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

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42
Q

axilla lateral border

A

intertubercular sulcus

43
Q

superficial layer muscles

A

extrinsic back, rhomboids and teres major

44
Q

pectoral muscles

A

muscles of the chest; serratus anterior, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor

45
Q

brachium muscles

A

deltoid, long head of biceps, long head of triceps

46
Q

latissimus dorsi

A
  • extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoulder downward
  • extend, adduct, and medially rotate humerus
47
Q

which nerve innervates latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve

48
Q

rotator cuff

A

group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint

49
Q

which movements does the trapezius muscle perform

A

scapular elevation, depression, and retraction

50
Q

which nerve innervates trapezius

A

accessory nerve, CN XI
- acts very similar to a spinal nerve

51
Q

deep layer muscles

A

extrinsic back, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

52
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

brachial plexus nerve compression leading to wrist drop and sensory loss on posterior arm, radial nerve compression

53
Q

rhomboids action

A

retract scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

54
Q

rhomboids innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

55
Q

teres major innervation

A

lower subscapular nerve

56
Q

teres major function

A

adduct and medially rotate arm

57
Q

supraspinatus function

A

deep layer muscle, above the spine, initiate and assist with arm abduction

58
Q

supraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve

59
Q

infraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve

60
Q

infraspinatus function

A

deep layer muscle, laterally rotate arm

61
Q

teres minor innervation

A

axillary nerve

62
Q

teres minor function

A

deep layer muscle, laterally rotate arm

63
Q

subscapularis innervation

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

64
Q

subscapularis function

A

deep layer muscle, medially rotate arm

65
Q

what is the acronym used to remember the four muscles of the rotator cuff

A

SITS

66
Q

pectoralis major function

A

pectoral muscle, arm flexion and adduction

67
Q

pectoralis major innervation

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

68
Q

pectoralis minor function

A

pectoral muscle, scapular protraction

69
Q

pectoralis minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve

70
Q

serratus anterior innervation

A

long thoracic nerve

71
Q

serratus anterior function

A

pectoral muscle, rotate and protract scapula

72
Q

winged scapula

A

inactive serratus anterior allows medial border of the scapula to move backwards, while an intact pectoralis minor pulls coracoid forward, long thoracic nerve

73
Q

deltoid innervation

A

axillary nerve

74
Q

deltoid function

A

flexion, extension, abduction up to 90°

75
Q

deltoid location

A

wraps around whole of shoulder

76
Q

shoulder joint movements

A

abduction of the upper limb at the shoulder joint involves four different muscles, supplied by 4 different nerves, to achieve full range of motion from 0-180°

77
Q

muscle and nerve for 0-15 degrees of motion in the shoulder joint

A

muscle - supraspinatus
nerve - suprascapular

78
Q

muscle and nerve for 15-90 degrees of motion in the shoulder joint

A

muscle - deltoid
nerve - axillary

79
Q

muscle and nerve for 90-160 degrees of motion in the shoulder joint

A

muscle - trapezius
nerve - accessory (cranial nerve XI)

80
Q

muscle and nerve for 160-180 degrees of motion in the shoulder joint

A

muscle - serratus anterior
nerve - long thoracic

81
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone, long bone

82
Q

humerus head

A

rounded section of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

83
Q

humerus anatomical neck

A

circumferential groove separating the head from the tubercle

84
Q

humerus surgical neck

A

narrow part below tubercles, common fracture site

85
Q

humerus body

A

shaft of the humerus

86
Q

humerus greater tubercle

A

larger lateral prominence; site of the attachment of rotator cuff muscles

87
Q

humerus lesser tubercle

A

inter tubercular sulcus (groove) where long head of biceps will run

88
Q

humerus deltoid tuberosity

A

where the deltoid muscle attaches to the bone; will feel rough

89
Q

humerus medial epicondyle

A

rough condyle proximal to the trochlea

90
Q

humerus lateral epicondyle

A

small condyle proximal to the capitulum

91
Q

humerus capitulum

A

articulates with head of radius

92
Q

humerus trochlea

A

a flared medial condyle that articulates with the ulna

93
Q

humerus olecranon fossa

A

ulna (olecranon)

94
Q

flexor compartment

A

flexion of wrist and fingers, musculocutaneous nerve
- anterior on arm
- musculocutaneous nerve

95
Q

extensor compartment

A

extension of wrist and fingers, radial nerve
- posterior
- radian nerve

96
Q

biceps brachii

A

flexes and supinates forearm

97
Q

long head

A

biceps brachii, crosses glenoid fossa

98
Q

biceps brachii short head

A

attaches to coracoid process

99
Q

biceps

A

muscles that allow for supination

100
Q

coracobrachialis

A

muscle that allows for shoulder flexion

101
Q

brachialis

A

muscle that allows for elbow flexion

102
Q

Popeye sign

A

rupture of long head of biceps, generally not surgically repaired. minimal weakness in upper limb due to action of brachialis

103
Q

humeral shaft fracture

A

may cause injury to the radial nerve resulting in wrist drop. common in young people with high-energy trauma, and older people with osteopenia

104
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density

Kin 1060 (11 decks)

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