49 BC - 27 BC Flashcards
When was the Second Battle of the Bagradas?
49 BC
What battle was in 49 BC, in which Curio is defeated and killed by Juba I and Attius Varus
Second Battle of the Bagradas
Give the winning and losing commanders at the Second Battle of the Bagradas
Winner: King Juba I of Numidia, Attius Varus
Loser: Gaius Scribonius Curio
Who lost his life at the Second Battle of the Bagradas?
Gaius Scribonius Curio
Curio, loyal ally to Caesar, lost his life at what battle in 49 BC?
Second Battle of the Bagradas
Name the son of Hiempsal II who killed Curio at the Second Battle of the Bagradas in 49 BC
Juba I
Name the father of Juba I, the half-brother of Jugurtha
Hiempsal II
Who proposed a law making Caesar dictator for eleven days in order to conduct elections in 48 BC?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (future triumvir)
Son of Lepidus who led a revolt that was surpressed by Pompey in 78 BC
Lepidus proposed a law making who dictator for 11 days in order to conduct the elections of 48 BC?
Gaius Julius Caesar
When was the Battle of Dyrrhacium?
48 BC
What battle was in 48 BC, one of Caesar’s two losses?
Battle of Dyrrhacium
Name the winning and losing commanders at Dyrrhacium
Winner: Gnaeus Pompey Magnus
Loser: Gaius Julius Caesar
In what battle was Caesar defeated by Pompey in 48 BC?
Battle of Dyrrhacium
When was the Battle of Pharsalus?
48 BC
What battle was in 48 BC, where Caesar defeated Pompey decisively (causing him to flee to Alexandria)?
Battle of Pharsalus
Name the victorious and losing commanders at Pharsalus in 48 BC
Winner: Gaius Julius Caesar
Loser: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
At what battle did Caesar defeat Pompey in 48 BC, causing him to flee to Alexandria?
Battle of Pharsalus
Where did Pompey flee to after losing to Caesar at Pharsalus in 48 BC?
Alexandria
Who fled to Alexandria after losing to Caesar at Pharsalus in 48 BC?
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Whose advisors presented Pompey’s pickled head to Caesar after he fled to Alexandria?
Ptolemy XIII
Ptolemy XIII’s advisors presented whose pickeld head to Caesar after he fled to Alexandria?
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Ptolemy XIII’s advisors presented Pompey’s pickled head to who, which led to him being disguested with Ptolemy XIII?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Ironically, this led to Caesar wanting Ptolemy XIII off the throne
Who did Caesar get on the throne to replace Ptolemy XIII?
Cleopatra VII
Who did Cleopatra VII replace on the throne of Egypt thanks to Ceasar?
Ptolemy XIII
Thanks to who did Cleopatra VII replace Ptolemy XIII on the throne of Alexandria/Egypt?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Name the husband of Cleopatra VII that was also her older brother
Ptolemy XIV
Ptolemy XIV was the older brother and also temporary husband of what famous Egyptian queen?
Cleopatra VII
When was the 2nd Battle of Zela?
47 BC
What famous 5-day battle was in 47 BC, where Caesar annihilated Pharnaces II?
Zela
Name the victorious and losing commanders at Zela
Winner: Gaius Julius Caesar
Loser: Pharnaces II
Name the son of Mithridates VI that died at Zela
Pharnaces II
Name the father of Pharnaces II
Mithridates VI
How long was the 2nd Battle of Zela?
5 days
At what battle did Caesar famously say, “Veni, vidi, vici.” in 47 BC?
Battle of Zela
What famous phrase did Caesar say at the battle of Zela in 47 BC?
Veni, vidi, vici
Who said, “Veni, vidi, vici.” at the battle of Zela after annihilating Pharnaces II?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Name Caesar’s first magister equitum
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Mark Antony was the first magister equitum of what famous Roman?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Mark Antony held what position in relation to Caesar for a short time, the equivalent of being a lieutanent?
magister equitum
Name Caesar’s second magister equitum after Mark Antony
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (future triumvir)
Lepidus was the second magister equitum of what man, after Mark Antony?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Lepidus was the second man to hold what position in relation to Caesar, after Mark Antony lost the spot?
magister equitum
When was the Battle of Thapsus?
46 BC
What battle was in 46 BC?
Battle of Thapsus
Name all of Caesar’s enemies who came together to fight against him at Thapsus
Metellus Scipio (father-in-law of Pompey), Cato the Younger, King Juba I, Titus Labienus
Metellus Scipio, Cato the Younger, Juba I, and Labienus all came together to fight against Caesar at what battle in 46 BC?
Battle of Thapsus
At Thapsus in 46 BC, Metellus Scipio, Cato the Younger, Juba I, and Labienus all came together to fight what man?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who committed suicide at Utica at 46 BC?
Cato the Younger
When did Cato the Younger commit suicide?
46 BC
When was the battle of Munda?
45 BC
What battle was in 45 BC?
Battle of Munda
Name the battle where the Pompey brothers and Labienus lost to Caesar in 45 BC
Battle of Munda
Name the victorious and losing leaders at Munda in 45 BC
Winner: Gaius Julius Caesar
Loser: Gnaeus Pompey, Sextus Pompey, Titus Labienus
Who was the only survivor of the losing side at the Battle of Munda?
Sextus Pompey
Sextus Pompey was the only survivor on the losing side of what battle against Caesar in 45 BC?
Battle of Munda
Name the father of Gnaeus and Sextus Pompey, a triumvir
Gnaeus Pompey Magnus
Name the sons of Pompey the Great that were defeated by Caesar at Munda in 45 BC
Gnaeus and Sextus Pompey
What did Caesar build, a covered hall that housed the law courts in the Forum Romanum?
Basilica Iulia
Who built the Basilica Iulia?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Where was the Basilica Julia located?
Forum Romanum
Who built the Forum Julium?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What forum did Caesar build?
Forum Julium
What forum housed the Temple of Venus Genetrix?
Forum Julium
What temple was housed in the Forum Julium?
Temple of Venus Genetrix
Who minted Rome’s first major gold coinage by issuing the aureus, a friend of Caesar?
Aulus Hirtius
Hirtius minted Rome’s first gold coinage by issuing what Roman coin?
the aureus
How many silver denarii was an aureus worth?
25
What Roman coin was worth 25 silver denarii, as issued for the first time by the praetor Hirtius?
aureus
Who reformed the calendar so that the year started in January instead of March?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Caesar reformed the calendar so that the year started in what month instead of March?
January
Who reformed the calendar so that the month Quintilus became Julius (July) and Sextilis became Augustus (August)?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What two months did Caesar change to become Julius and Augustus, respectively?
Quintilus → Julius
Sextilis → Augustus
Name the original names of months Julius and Augustus before Caesar changed things?
Quintilus and Sextilis, respectively
Who was made dictator perpetuus on February 14th, 44 BC?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What title did Caesar get on February 14th, 44 BC?
Dictator Perpetuus
When did Caesar receive the title Dictator Perpetuus (down to the Month and Day)?
February 14th, 44 BC
Who was killed by a conspiracy led by Cassius and Brutus on March 15th, 44 BC?
Gaius Julius Caesar
On what month, day, year did Caesar die by a conspiracy led by Cassius and Brutus?
March 15th, 44 BC
A conspiracy led by what two people killed Caesar on March 15th, 44 BC?
Gaius Cassius Longinus
Marcus Junius Brutus
Name the third wife of Caesar, who became his widow when he died in 44 BC
Calpurnia
Calpurnia was the third wife, after Pompeia, of what famous Roman, who died in 44 BC?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who delivered the funeral oration at Caesar’s funeral?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Mark Antony delivered the funeral oration at whose funeral?
Gaius Julius Caesar
When was the Battle was Mutina?
43 BC
What battle was in 43 BC?
Battle of Mutina
Name the two Roman consuls that died at Mutina
Aulus Hirtius, Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianius
What was the Latin term/official name for the Second Triumvirate?
Tresviri Rei Publicae Constituendae
At what battle did both consuls of 43 BC, Hirtius and Pansa, die?
Battle of Mutina
Where did Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus meet to form the 2nd Triumverate?
Bologna
Name the two replacement consuls of 43 BC after the deaths of Hirtius and Pansa at Mutina
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Octavian), Quintus Pedius
Octavian and Pedius were consuls of what year after the death of Hirtius and Pansa at Mutina that same year?
43 BC
What was known as the Tresviri Rei Publicae Constituendae?
2nd Triumvirate
Name the three members of the 2nd Triumverate
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
What group met at Bologna to form their political alliance in 43 BC?
2nd Triumverate
The Lex Titia legalized what group in 43 BC?
2nd Triumverate
What law legalized the 2nd Triumverate in 43 BC?
Lex Titia
Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus made up what group?
2nd Triumverate
When was the Lex Titia passed, legalizing the 2nd Triumverate?
43 BC
Give the provinces each 2nd triumvir got as part of their agreement in the Lex Titia
Octavian: North Africa and Sicily, Corsica/Sardinia
Lepidus: Transalpine Gaul, Hispania
Mark Antony: Cisalpine Gaul, Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Belgica, Aquitania
The three Gauls (Aquitania, Lugdunensis, Belgica) was Gallia Comata
Who received the provinces of North Africa, Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia as part of their agreement in the Lex Titia?
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Who received the provinces of Transalpine Gaul and Hispania Citerior/Ulterior as part of their agreement in the Lex Titia?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Who received the provinces of Cisalpine Gaul and Gallia Comata as part of their agreement in the Lex Titia?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Name the first wife of Octavian, the daughter of Clodius Pulcher and Fulvia
Claudia
Claudia was the first wife of what man, a 2nd triumvir?
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Give the parents of Claudia, first wife of Octavian
Publius Clodius Pulcher + Fulvia
Give the third husband of Fulvia, a 2nd triumvir
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Give the wife of Mark Antony at the start of the 2nd Triumvirate, who was first the wife of Clodius Pulcher
Fulvia
Who died on December 7, 43 BC?
Marcus Tullus Cicero
On what month, day, year did Cicero die?
December 7, 43 BC?
Who did Octavian have deified as Divi Filius after his death in 44 BC?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What was Caesar deified as by Octavian after his death in 44 BC?
Divi Filius
When was the Battle of Philippi?
42 BC
What battle was in 42 BC?
Battle of Philippi
Name the victorious and losing notable leaders at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC?
Winner: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Loser: Marcus Iunius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus
At what battle in 42 BC did Cassius commit suicide after losing?
Battle of Philippi
At what battle did the forces of Octavian and Mark Antony defeat those of Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC?
Battle of Philippi
Who committed suicide at the Battle of Philippi after losing in 42 BC?
Gaius Cassius Longinus
When was the battle of Perusia?
40 BC
What battle was in 40 BC?
Battle of Perusia
At what road did Brutus and Cassius defend against Octavian and Mark Antony at Philippi?
Via Egnatia
At Philippi, whose forces were along the Via Egnatia, defending against Octavian and Mark Antony in 42 BC?
Marcius Iunius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Logninus
Name the victorious and losing commanders/leaders the Battle of Perusia in 40 BC?
Winner: Gaius Lucius Caesar Octavianus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Quintus Salvidienus
Loser: Fulvia, Lucius Antonius
At what battle in 40 BC did the combined forces of Octavian, M. Agrippa, and Salvidienus defeat Fulvia and Lucius Antonius?
Battle of Perusia
Name the brother of Mark Antony who fought against Octavian, Agrippa, and Salvidienus with Fulvia at Perusia in 40 BC?
Lucius Antonius
Name the brother of Lucius Antonius, a 2nd triumvir
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Name the wife of Mark Antony who fought with Lucius Antonius against Octavian, Agrippa, and Salvidienus at Perusia in 40 BC?
Fulvia
Name the second wife of Octavian, after Claudia
Scribonia
Scribonia was the second wife of who, after Claudia?
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
What was the relationship between Scribonia (2nd wife of Octavian) and Sextus Pompey?
Scribonia was the aunt of Sextus Pompey
Scribonia, second wife of Octavian, had a nephew named who?
Sextus Pompey
Name the son of Labienus (Caesar’s ex-right-hand man)
Quintus Labienus
Where did the Second Triumverate meet at 40 BC to renew their alliance the FIRST time?
Brundisium
What group met at Brundisium in 40 BC to renew their alliance the FIRST time?
2nd Triumverate
When was the Treaty of Misenum agreed upon and enforced?
39 BC
What treaty was agreed upon and enforced in 39 BC?
Treaty of Misenum
Name the principal parties involved with the Treaty of Misenum
Sextus Pompey and the 2nd Triumverate
What treaty was signed between Sextus Pompey and the 2nd Triumverate in 39 BC?
Treaty of Misenum
What provinces did Sextus Pompey gain from the Treaty of Misenum of 39 BC?
Sicily, Corsica/Sardinia, Pelponnese
Who gained Sicily, Corsica/Sardinia, and the Peloponnese as part of the Treaty of Misenum in 39 BC?
Sextus Pompey
Name the wife of Mark Antony who was the sister of Octavian
Octavia
Octavia was the wife of what man, a 2nd triumvir?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Give the third wife of Octavian, after his aunt Scribonia
Livia Drusilla
Livia Drusilla was the third wife of what man, after his aunt Scribonia?
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Give the child of Octavian and Scribonia
Julia the Elder
Julia, the mother of Lucius/Gaius Caesar, Agrippina the Elder, Agrippa Postumus, and Julia the Younger was herself the daughter of what two people?
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus + Scribonia
Give the children of Ti. Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla
Tiberius and Drusus I
Tiberius and Drusus I were children of what two people?
Octavian and Livia Drusilla
When was the Treaty of Tarentum?
37 BC
What treaty was signed in 37 BC?
Treaty of Tarentum
Where did the 2nd Triumverate meet to renew their alliance the SECOND time in 37 BC?
Tarentum
What group met in 37 BC at Tarentum to renew their alliance the second time?
2nd Triumverate
When was the Battle of Naulochus?
36 BC
What battle was in September 36 BC, the last optimate opposition to the 2nd Triumverate?
Battle of Naulochus
Name the winners and losers at the Battle of Naulochus in 36 BC
Winner: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus + Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Loser: Sextus Pompey
At what battle did Octavian and Agrippa defeat Sextus Pompey in 36 BC, ending his resistance against the 2nd Triumverate (though not killing Sextus outright)?
Battle of Naulochus
When was Sextus Pompey killed in Asia Minor?
35 BC
Who died in 35 BC at Asia Minor?
Sextus Pompey
Where did Sextus Pompey die in 35 BC?
Asia Minor
Name the final wife of Mark Antony, who he married at Antioch in 37 BC
Cleopatra VII
Cleopatra VII was the final wife of what man, who got married to him at Antioch in 37 BC?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Where did Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony get married in 37 BC?
Antioch
When did Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony get married at Antioch?
37 BC
Give the three children of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII
Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene, Ptolemy Philadelphus
Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene, and Ptolemy Philadelphus were all children of what couple?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) and Cleopatra VII
Name the king of Armenia who temporarily allied with Mark Antony on his failed invasion of Parthia
Artavasdes
King Artavasdes allied with what man on his failed invasion of Parthia, the husband of Cleopatra VII?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Give the child of Caesar and Cleopatra VII
Caesarion
Caesarion was the child of what two people?
Gaius Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII
When was the battle of Actium?
31 BC
What battle was in 31 BC?
Battle of Actium
Name the winners and losers at the Battle of Actium
Winner: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Loser: Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), Cleopatra VII
At what battle did Octavian and M. Agrippa decisively defeat Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII in 31 BC?
Battle of Actium
What king of Mauritania helped Caesar defeat Metellus Scipio, Juba I, Cato the Younger, and Labienus at Thapsus in 46 BC?
Bocchus II
Bocchus II was the king of what region?
Mauretania
What governor of Africa assisted Juba I to kill Curio at Bagradas Valley in 49 BC?
Attius Varus
When was the battle of Ilerda?
49 BC
What battle was in 49 BC, in which Caesar defeats Petrius and Afranius?
Battle of Illerda
Name the two battles of 49 BC
2nd Battle of Bagradas, Battle of Ilerda
The 2nd Battle of Bagradas and Battle of Ilerda were both during what year?
49 BC
Name the victorious and losing commanders at Ilerda in 49 BC
Victorious: Gaius Julius Caesar
Losing: Marcus Petreius, Lucius Afranius
Name the two consuls of 48 BC
Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Servilius Isauricus
Caesar and Isauricus were consuls of what year?
48 BC
Whose reforms included:
- Increasing the number of senators from 600 to 900
- Changing the calendar from lunar to solar based
- Founding colonies at Sinopa and Heraclea
Gaius Julius Caesar
Caesar increased the number of senators from 600 to what number?
900
Caesar changed the calendar from what to what?
Lunar to solar-based
Caesar founded colonies at what two locations?
Sinope and Heraclea
Who was adopted as Caesar’s heir at the age of 19, in 44 BC?
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Octavian was adopted as whose heir at 19 years old, in 44 BC?
Gaius Julius Caesar
How old was Octavian when he was adopted as Caesar’s heir in 44 BC?
19
When was the 19-year-old Octavian adopted as Ceasar’s heir?
44 BC
Where was Caesar planning to campaign to before he was assassinated?
Parthia
Who was planning to campaign to Parthia before his assassination in 44 BC?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who was made Pontifex Maximus after the death of Caesar?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Lepidus was elevated to what position after the death of Caesar?
Pontifex Maximus
Name the wife of Lepidus, the 2nd triumvir
Junia
Junia was the wife of what 2nd triumvir?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
How did Cicero get killed in 43 BC?
Beheaded
Who was beheaded in 43 BC?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
What wife of Mark Antony stabs Cicero’s tongue with a pin after his death in 43 BC?
Fulvia
What does Fulvia, wife of Mark Antony, do to Cicero’s head after his death in 43 BC?
Stabs his tongue with a pin
What god with what epithet was Octavian pray to before the victory at Philippi in 42 BC?
Mars Ultor
Who prayed to Mars Ultor before his victory at Philippi in 42 BC?
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Name the two viceregents of Mark Antony that didn’t help Lucius Antonius during the Perusine War, leading to him surrendering to Octavian
Publius Ventidius, Gaius Asinius Pollio
Ventidius and Pollio were viceregents of what man?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Who asked for the help of Ventidius and Pollio, to which they refused, causing his loss in the Perusine War?
Lucius Antonius
Where did Cleopatra VII first meet and seduce Mark Antony in 41 BC?
Tarsus
What two people met for the first time in Tarsus, 41 BC? One of them was a 2nd triumvir
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) and Cleopatra VII
When did Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony meet for the first time in Tarsus?
41 BC
What man arranged for a peace treaty between Mark Antony and Octavian in 40 BC to end the Perusine War?
Maecenas
Maecenas arranged for a peace treaty between what two people in 40 BC to end the Perusine War?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
When does Macenas arrange for a peace treaty between Mark Antony and Octavian to end the Perusine War?
40 BC
Name the son of T. Labienus that took over Syria under the command of Orodes II
Quintus Labienus
Who was the father of Q. Labienus, the most loyal general of Caesar before his betrayal at Thapsus?
Titus Labienus
What king of Parthia sent his son Pacorus and the general Q. Labienus to conquer the eastern Roman provinces in 40 BC?
Orodes II
What two people did Orodes II send to conquer the eastern Roman provinces in 40 BC?
His son, Pacorus, and Quintus Labienus
Name the son of Orodes II who he sent with Q. Labienus to conquer the eastern Roman provinces in 40 BC
Pacorus
When did Orodes II send his son, Pacorus, and Q. Labienus to conquer the eastern Roman provinces?
40 BC
Name the two eastern Roman provinces Q. Labienus took over under the command of Orodes II
Syria and Asia Minor
Who took over Syria and Asia Minor under the command of Orodes II?
Quintus Labienus
Name the eastern Roman province Pacorus took over, under the comand of his father Orodes II
Judea
Who took over Judea under the command of Orodes II?
Pacorus
What Roman stopped the revolt of Pacorus and Q. Labienus?
Publius Ventidius
Ventidius stopped the revolt of what two people, sent by Orodes II of Parthia?
Pacorus and Quintus Labienus
What man reconquered Jerusalem from Parthia in 37 BC?
Gaius Sosius
What city did Sosius reconquer from Parthia in 37 BC?
Jerusalem
When did Sosius reconquer Jerusalem from the Parthians?
37 BC
Name the successor to King Hyrcanus of Jerusalem after it was taken back from the Parthians
Herod I
Herod I was the successor to what king of Jerusalem, after it was taken back from the Parthians in 37 BC?
John Hyrcanus
Name the successor to King Orodes II of Parthia
Phraates IV
Phraates IV was the successor to what king of Parthia?
Orodes II
Who had a disastrous campaign besieging Phraaspa in 36 BC, which be blamed on King Artavasdes on Armenia?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Mark Antony had a disastrous campaign besieging what city in 36 BC, which he blamed on King Artavasdes of Armenia?
Phraaspa
When did Mark Antony try besieging Phraaspa but failed?
36 BC
Who did Mark Antony blame for the failure of Phraaspa in 36 BC?
King Artavasdes of Armenia
When did Mark Antony dethrone Artavasdes of Armenia?
33 BC
Who dethroned Artavasdes of Armenia in 33 BC?
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)
Who did Mark Antony dethrone in 33 BC?
Artavasdes of Armenia
What kingdom did Artavasdes rule over before he was dethroned by Mark Antony in 33 BC?
Armenia
Name the wife of Marcus Iunius Brutus (assassin of Caesar), also the daughter of Cato the Younger
Porcia
Porcia was the wife of what man, an assassin of Caesar?
Marcus Iunius Brutus
Name the father of Porcia, who committed suicide at Utica in 49 BC?
Cato the Younger
Who builds the first public library after the civil war of Caesar and Pompey?
Asinius Pollio
Pollio built the first of what structure after the civil war between Caesar and Pompey?
Public Library
At what battle did Caesar defeat Pompey’s commanders Afranius and Petreius in 49 BC?
Battle of Ilerda
