48: Respiratory Tract Drugs - Duric

Question 1

main determinants of blood oxygen concentration

Answer 1

ventilation and perfusion

Question 2

pathological triad

Answer 2

retained secretions
mucosal/ airway edema
bronchospasm/bronchoconstriction

Question 3

used to loosen and mobilize secretions

Answer 3

mucokinetic agents

Question 4

vasoconstriction of the arterioles and small arteries results in decreased blood flow in the affected area

Answer 4

decogestants

Question 5

increase airway patency by relaxing the spasm of the bronchial muscle

Answer 5

bronchodilators

Question 6

name two dilutent agents

Answer 6

water

saline solution

Question 7

increase production of secretions

Answer 7

mucokinetic agents

Question 8

do expectorants make you cough?

Answer 8

no they make you cough more effectively

Question 9

gastropulmonary reflex =

Answer 9

increased stomach irritation –> medullary center –> increased bronchial secretion

expectorants can stimulate this reflex and direct bronchial stimulation

Question 10

guaifenesin is a …

Answer 10

expectorant drug

Question 11

iodides are…

Answer 11

expectorant drugs

Question 12

decrease the viscosity, thickness and stickiness of respiratory secretions

Answer 12

mucolytic agents

drugs that liquefy mucus

Question 13

acetylcysteine and deoxyribonuclease are what…

Answer 13

mucolytic agents

Question 14

MOA acetylcysteine

Answer 14

cleaves disulfide bonds within mucoproteins and disrupts its molecular structure –> lowers mucus viscosity

Question 15

atropine is a…

Answer 15

parasympatholytic drug - blocks PSNS actions to decrease secretions or excess expectoration

Question 16

drugs that affect the cough reflex

Answer 16

antitussives

Question 17

high velocity turbulent airflow =

Answer 17

cough

Question 18

primary considerations for use of suppressants

Answer 18

very exhaustive and disturbs sleep

potential long term effects of breaking down and damaging the elastic fiber in the lungs and epithelia

Question 19

general therapy goal: decrease ______ and _______ of cough but not ______

Answer 19

frequency;
intensity;
clearance

Question 20

codeine is a…

Answer 20

narcotic antitussive

activation of opioid receptors suppresses cough reflex by a CNS inhibitory effect

Question 21

3 non-narcotic antitussives

Answer 21

diphenhydramine
benzonatate
dextromethorphan

Question 22

MOA non-narcotic antitussives

Answer 22

inhibiting the irritant effects of histamine on the respiratory mucosa
local anesthetic action on the respiratory epithelium
depression of medullary nurotransmission

Question 23

activation of alph1adrenergic receptors on blood vessels of the nasal mucosa –>

Answer 23

stimulates vasoconstriction and causes constriction of mucous membranes

*decongestants!

Question 24

name four decongestants

Answer 24

phenylephrine
tetrahydrozoline
oxymetazoline
pseudoephedrine

Question 25

adverse effects of decongestants =

Answer 25

hypertension

Question 26

MOA antihistamines

Answer 26

specifically block H1 receptor which normally results in dilation of arterioles and capillaries and increased blood flow --> edema and increased release of secretions

Question 27

name 5 antihistamines

Answer 27

``` diphenhydramine cetirizine loratadine desloratidine fexofenadine ```