33: Respiratory Anatomy - Canby Flashcards
mid clavicular, mid axial, and paravertebral end points of parietal correlate with following ribs
8 10 12
mid clavicular, mid axial, and paravertebral end points of viscera/ lung correlate with following ribs
6 8 10
apex =
lung in root of neck
where is the middle lobe?
right lung, anterior
where would you put your stethoscope to listen to sounds from the middle lobe?
right 4th intercostal space, midclavicular line
best approach for thoracentesis
posterior approach because
- posterior gutter is deep
- intercostal spaces are wider
- neurovascular bundle is closer to inferior margin of rib above
use US to find the fluid to be removed from a pleural effusion for example
Horner’s syndrome
constricted pupil (miosis)
ptosis
anhydrosis
ie loss of sympathetcs that could be due to pancoast tumor
what ganglion might be affected by a pancoast tumor?
stellate ganglion = fusion of first thoracic and inferior cervical ganglion
where is the cardiac notch located?
left lung where the heart sits
where is the lingula located?
left lung, inferior aspect of the superior lobe
how many bronchopulmonary segments are there?
R- 8
L - 10
which bronchi supply the bronchopulmonary segments?
tertiary bronchi
RALS –> mnemonic in the hilum
right artery anterior to airway
left artery is superior to airway
pulmonary v. is most inferior on both lung hilums
respiratory airways =
respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
what follows the branching of the airway?
pulmonary a.
the v. leaves laterally
what does respiratory epithelium look like?
ciliated pseudostratfied columnar epithelium and goblet cells
what would the epithelium look like at the epiglottis or true vocal cord?
stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
where is reinke’s space?
deep to the epithelium in the true vocal cord
–> fills with fluid in reinke’s edema
as the branching increases, the cellular epithelial residents become _____ diverse
less diverse
last place you should see goblet cells
primary bronchioles –> go further with smoking
what substances are secreted from glands in the upper airways?
- mucins
- lactoferrin (antibac binding prtn)
- lysozyme
- IgA
- alpha antitrypsin and other protease inhibitors
is IgA synethesized from glands?
no - secreted from glands
synthesized by plasma cells
wall modifications in asthma
- increase mucus, thickness of basal lamina, thickness of lamina propria due to edema and emigration of inflammatory cells, thickness of muscularis, number of glands in submucosa
what is a normal reid index?
less than 0.4
chronic bronchitis in > 0.5
reid index compares the glandular components to the total length
