33: Respiratory Anatomy - Canby Flashcards

1
Q

mid clavicular, mid axial, and paravertebral end points of parietal correlate with following ribs

A

8 10 12

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2
Q

mid clavicular, mid axial, and paravertebral end points of viscera/ lung correlate with following ribs

A

6 8 10

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3
Q

apex =

A

lung in root of neck

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4
Q

where is the middle lobe?

A

right lung, anterior

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5
Q

where would you put your stethoscope to listen to sounds from the middle lobe?

A

right 4th intercostal space, midclavicular line

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6
Q

best approach for thoracentesis

A

posterior approach because

  • posterior gutter is deep
  • intercostal spaces are wider
  • neurovascular bundle is closer to inferior margin of rib above

use US to find the fluid to be removed from a pleural effusion for example

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7
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

constricted pupil (miosis)
ptosis
anhydrosis

ie loss of sympathetcs that could be due to pancoast tumor

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8
Q

what ganglion might be affected by a pancoast tumor?

A

stellate ganglion = fusion of first thoracic and inferior cervical ganglion

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9
Q

where is the cardiac notch located?

A

left lung where the heart sits

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10
Q

where is the lingula located?

A

left lung, inferior aspect of the superior lobe

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11
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are there?

A

R- 8

L - 10

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12
Q

which bronchi supply the bronchopulmonary segments?

A

tertiary bronchi

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13
Q

RALS –> mnemonic in the hilum

A

right artery anterior to airway
left artery is superior to airway

pulmonary v. is most inferior on both lung hilums

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14
Q

respiratory airways =

A

respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

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15
Q

what follows the branching of the airway?

A

pulmonary a.

the v. leaves laterally

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16
Q

what does respiratory epithelium look like?

A

ciliated pseudostratfied columnar epithelium and goblet cells

17
Q

what would the epithelium look like at the epiglottis or true vocal cord?

A

stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

18
Q

where is reinke’s space?

A

deep to the epithelium in the true vocal cord

–> fills with fluid in reinke’s edema

19
Q

as the branching increases, the cellular epithelial residents become _____ diverse

A

less diverse

20
Q

last place you should see goblet cells

A

primary bronchioles –> go further with smoking

21
Q

what substances are secreted from glands in the upper airways?

A
  • mucins
  • lactoferrin (antibac binding prtn)
  • lysozyme
  • IgA
  • alpha antitrypsin and other protease inhibitors
22
Q

is IgA synethesized from glands?

A

no - secreted from glands

synthesized by plasma cells

23
Q

wall modifications in asthma

A
  • increase mucus, thickness of basal lamina, thickness of lamina propria due to edema and emigration of inflammatory cells, thickness of muscularis, number of glands in submucosa
24
Q

what is a normal reid index?

A

less than 0.4

chronic bronchitis in > 0.5

reid index compares the glandular components to the total length

25
Q

bronchiectasis =

A

dilated bronchi due to tissue damage

26
Q

75% of lung carcinoma develop from…

A

fist, second and third order bronchi

27
Q

what level would club/clara cells indicate?

A

terminal and respiratory bronchioles

28
Q

what are the 3 cellular residents of alveoli?

A

type I pneumocytes

type II pneumocytes

alveolar macrophages

29
Q

heart failure cells =

A

hemosiderin-laden macropahges

30
Q

form over 90% alveolar surface area

A

type I alveolar cells

31
Q

more numerous but contribute less than 10% alveolar surface area

A

type II alveolar cells

32
Q

which cells produce surfactant?

A

type II alveolar cells