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CS1 Exam 3 > 35: Pulmonary Pathophysiology - Tran > Flashcards

35: Pulmonary Pathophysiology - Tran Flashcards

1
Q

most important factor in controlling breathing

A

increases in PCO2 level

look at slide 4

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2
Q

generation __ is the respiratory air way beginning

A

17

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3
Q

last conduction airway

A

terminal bronchiole, the next generation the respiratory bronchioles are gas exchange areas

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4
Q

4 obstructive diseases:

A
  1. bronchitis = inflammation of bronchial epithelium
  2. asthma, infection, decreased cilia function = secretions from epithelium
  3. asthma = constriction of smooth muscle
  4. tumors, aspiration = physical blockade
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5
Q

what level of airway has smooth muscle and no cartilage

A

bronchiole

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6
Q

most important factor in determining airway resistance

A

radius (to the power of 4)

see slide 7 for equation

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7
Q

parasympathetic ___ resistance, sympathetic ____ resistance

A

para - increase via M3 activation

symp - decrease via B2 activation

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8
Q

epinephrine and albuterol would _____ airway resistance

A

decrease - sympathetic activators

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9
Q

asthma and muscarinic agonists would _______ resistance

A

increase- parasymp activators

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10
Q

obstruction related to loss of lung parenchyma =

A

emphysema

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11
Q

how many generations of branching are there?

A

23

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12
Q

site of gas exchange =

A

respiratory membrane

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13
Q

** composition of respiratory membrane

A
  • surfactant fluid layer
  • alveolar epithelium
  • epithelial basement membrane
  • interstitial space
  • capillary basement membrane
  • capillary endothelial membrane
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14
Q

prominent cells of the interstitium

A

fibroblasts

produce collagen and elastin –> distensibility and elastic recoil of lungs

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15
Q

factors affecting gas diffusion across respiratory membrane =

A
  • partial pressure difference b/w alveoli and blood
  • surface area
  • distance
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16
Q

what can change the partial pressure difference?

A

high altitude

  • O2 mask
  • restrictive lung disease
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17
Q

what can change the surface area?

A

atelectasis

tumor

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18
Q

what can change the distance?

A

pulmonary edema

pneumonia

19
Q

what pleura is “on the lung”

A

visceral

20
Q

which pleura has holes in it for stoma?

A

parietal

21
Q

pleural effusion is most commonly seen with…

A

CHF

increased pulmonary venous hydrostatic pressure from the visceral side

could also be caused by : decreased microvascular oncotic pressure, decreased pleural pressure, blockade of lymph drainage

22
Q

result of decreased expansion of the lungs due to alteration in lung parenchyma, pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular function

A

restrictive pulmonary disorders

list on slide 20

23
Q

bronchial circulation generates a …

A

physiological shunt

1-2% of CO goes to the bronchiole and empties into the pulmonary v.

24
Q

describe hypoxic pulmonary vasocconstriction

A

ventilation and perfusion matching –> areas not well ventilated will have less blood flow

unique to lungs

25
Q

average V/Q (ventilation/perfusion ratio)

A

0.8

26
Q

high V/Q =

A

little blood flow

27
Q

low V/Q =

A

little ventilation

28
Q

V/Q = infinity

A

no blood flow (dead space)

with no ventilation V/Q = 0 (shunt)

29
Q

what can not be measured by spirometry?

A

residual volume

see slide 27

30
Q

what can be completely measure by spirometry?

A

vital capacity = inspiratory reserve + tidal volume + expiratory reserve

see slide 27

31
Q

PEF =

A

peak expiratory flow

32
Q

PIF =

A

peak inspiratory flow

33
Q

FEF =

A

forced expiratory flow

34
Q

amount you can blow out in 1 sec

A

FEV1

35
Q

FEV1/FVC

A

ability of lungs to force air out within a certain amount of time. Represents resistance within the system

36
Q

large airways are __ on flow-volume curve, small airways are ___

A

see slide 29

large are the fast upstroke, small are the slower downstroke

37
Q

obstructive lung disease looks like …

A

slide 30 (“the punch”)

large airways not much affected, small airways limited greatly

38
Q

upper airway obstruction looks like…

A

upper limits of flow stopped

slide 31 (“the chop”)

39
Q

restrictive lung disease looks like …

A

slide 32 (“ the push”)

40
Q

normal FEV1/FVC =

A

0.8

80% of vital capacity can be forcibly expired in first second

41
Q

obstructive lung disease FEV1/FVC =

A

both FVC and FEV1 decrease but FEV1 decreases more

DECREASED RATIO

42
Q

restrictive lung disease FEV1/FVC =

A

INCREASED RATIO

both FVC and FEV1 are decreased, but FEV1 decreases less

43
Q

check out the online pulmonary function video

A

its on d2L

CS1 Exam 3 (17 decks)

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