46. COPD Flashcards
1
Q
s/s COPD
A
- difficulty breathing
- cough
- wheezing
- sputum production
2
Q
causes of COPD
A
- emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
3
Q
describe emphysema
A
alveoli are destroyed due to irritating gases and particulate matter
4
Q
describe chronic bronchitis
A
inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the alveoli. Daily cough and sputum production
5
Q
4 tests for COPD
A
- spirometry or pulmonary function test (PFT) to measure lung function/capacity
- chest xray
- CT scan
- ABGs
6
Q
COPD Meds:
- SABA + theophylline
A
- relaxes smooth muscles in airway = better air flow
- ↑ effects of LABA or LAMA
- Works quickly for SOB
7
Q
COPD Meds:
- examples of LABA
A
- formoterol (perforomist)
- salmeterol (severent)
- andacaterol (arcapta)
8
Q
COPD Meds:
- examples of SAMA (short-acting muscarinic antagonists)
A
ipratropium bromide
9
Q
COPD Meds:
- examples of LAMA (long-acting muscarinic antagonists)
A
tiotropium (spiriva)
10
Q
COPD Meds:
- examples of PDE4 inhibitors
A
- roflumilast (daliresp) for chronic bronchitis
- macrolide for former smokers
11
Q
COPD Meds:
- examples of macrolide
A
- azithromycin (zithromax)
- clarithromycin
- erythromycin
12
Q
Steps of COPD Meds
A
- SABA
- SABA + theophylline
- LABA
- SAMA
- LAMA
- LAMA then LAMA + LABA
- LABA + ICS
- LAMA + LABA + ICS
- PDE4 inhibitor
13
Q
use LABA + LAMA for _____
A
dyspnea
14
Q
use LABA + LAMA + ICS for _____
A
exacerbations
