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MSN > 1-16 > Flashcards

1-16 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Celiac Disease

A
  • Lining of the small intestine, intolerant of gluten.

- (avoid BROW) Barley, Rye, Oat, Wheat

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2
Q

Where is celiac disease more pronounced

A
  • duodenum

- jejunum

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3
Q

S/S celiac

A
  • abd pain
  • distention
  • diarrhea (pale, greasy, bulky, foul)
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4
Q

Malnutrition complications of celiac

A
  • rickets
  • occult blood
  • anemia (early bleeds and/or bruises)
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5
Q

Imbalances that can be caused by celiac include hypo_____ and hypo_____

A
  • hypomagnesemia

- hypocalcemia

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6
Q

s/s of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia

A
  • irritability
  • tremors
  • convulsions
  • tetany (muscle spasms)
  • bone pain
  • osteomalacia (softening of bones)
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7
Q

_____ lab is associated with celiac disease

A

IgA

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8
Q

how to dx celiac

A

small intestine biopsy via endoscopy

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9
Q

**normal lab value of IgA-tTg

A

0 - 3 U/mL, or 0.00 - 100.00 ug/g

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10
Q

**normal lab value of total IgA

A

80 – 350 mg/dL

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11
Q

**What is Sjogren’s syndrome

A

disorder of your immune system identified by its two most common symptoms: dry eyes and mouth

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12
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome is mostly in _____ _____

A

older women and primary those with Rheumatoid arthritis or SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosus)

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13
Q

How to test for Sjogren’s syndrome

A

SSA+ and SSB+ antibody test

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14
Q

What affect does cinnamon have on these:

  1. _____ BG
  2. _____ cholesterol
  3. _____ HTN
  4. _____ risk for bleeding
A

↓ blood glucose
↓ cholesterol
↓ hypertension
↓ risk for bleeding

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15
Q

Nursing considerations for cinnamon

A
  • no breastfeeding

- no DM drugs/anticoagulants/heart meds

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16
Q

Bodily affects from Gingko Biloba

A

↓ dementia
↓ erectile dysfunction
↑ bleeding
↓ seizure threshold

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17
Q

What is glucosamine used for

A

osteoarthritis

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18
Q

Perks of green tea

A
  • lose weight

- mental clarity

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19
Q

Green tea can cause _____ and _____ effects of warfarin

A

hepatotoxicity

decrease

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20
Q

what meds to avoid when taking green tea

A
  • vasodilators
  • stimulants
  • psychoactive meds
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21
Q

Perks of lavender

A

↑ relaxation

↓ anxiety, stress, and insomnia

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22
Q

Adverse affects of lavender

A
  • constipation
  • HA
  • ↑ appetite
  • may ↓ BP
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23
Q

what meds to avoid when taking lavender

A
  • BP meds

- depressents

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24
Q

What is Saw Palmetto used for

A

BPH

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25
Q

What is Kava used for

A

anxiety

can be hepatotoxic

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26
Q

Is comfrey PO okay

A

NO!! can cause sever liver poisoning

It’s a topical cream

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27
Q

What is Ma Huang/Ephedra/Ephedrine

A

stimulant, helps with asthma and bronchitis

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28
Q

**What is Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)

A

birth defect where you’re born with an open foramen ovale and ducturs arteriosus

↓ developed L ventricle & ↓ developed valves (mitral, aortic) (hole between L&R atria)

  • ASD
  • PFO
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29
Q

Survival rates of HLHS

A

3-5y is 70% with Stage 1 repair, 90% survival once they hit 12 months

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30
Q

Tx of HLHS

A
  • surgery

- fetal shunts

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31
Q

testing of HLHS

A
  • prenatal ultrasound and echo

- after birth s/s (after ductus arteriosus & foramen ovale close)

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32
Q

Tx for HLHS. Describe patent ductus arteriosus

A
  • Stage 1 at <2 weeks (Norwood): shunt to pulm artery created (from aorta to R ventricle)
  • Stage 2: shunt removed at 4-6 months
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33
Q

Tx for HLHS. Describe patent foramen ovale (PFO)

A

hole connecting R atrium to L atrium closed

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34
Q

Tx for HLHS. Describe Stage 3 (Fontan) at 18-36 months

A

IVC connected to Pulm artery, hole made from the IVC conduit attached to the right atrium

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35
Q

s/s of HLHS

A
  • tachypnea
  • SOB
  • ↑HR (or pounding heart)
  • poor sucking/feedings
  • poor extremity blood flow (cold and cyanotic, clammy)
  • weakness
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36
Q

Medications for HLHS

A
  • tube feedings
  • meds to strengthen heart muscles
  • ↓ BP
  • diuretics
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37
Q

**What does parathyroid secrete

A

regulates serum Ca+

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38
Q

↑ PTH hormone released = ↑ _____ released from the bones into the bloodstream, _____ density/hardness.

A

Ca+

↓

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39
Q

Hyperparathyroidism s/s

A
  • low PTH (because excess was released into the blood)
  • osteoporosis
  • kidney stones
  • ↑ urination
  • abd pain
  • fatigue
  • fortgetfullness
  • bone/joint pain
40
Q

What are calicimimetics used for

A

to help bones retain calcium

41
Q

What are calicimimetics used for

A

slow/prevent bone loss

42
Q

Hypoparathyroidism s/s

A
  • high PTH (because not released into bloodstream)
  • low T3/T4
  • parasthesia
  • muscle cramps
  • mood changes
  • dry/rough skin
  • twitching facial muscles
43
Q

Tests for hypo/hyperparathyroid

A
  • ultrasound
  • bone densitometry
  • body CT/MRI
44
Q

normal Ca+ lab levels

A

8.6-10.3

45
Q

normal PTH lab levels

A

11-51

46
Q

what is Hutchinson-Gilford Progena Sx

A

genetic, rapid aging (10x faster)

  • no cure
  • appears by age 2 (live to 13 avg, up to 20 years)
47
Q

Hutchinson-Gliford Progeria Sx:

- _____ gene protein mutation (protein-______): causing…

A
  • LMNA
  • progerin
  • causing cells to die prematurely
48
Q

s/s Hutchinson-Gliford Progeria

A
  • slow growth (height, hair)
  • alopecia
  • joint abnormalities
  • wrinkles
  • dry skin
  • FTT
  • delayed tooth development
49
Q

**Treatment of Hutchinson-Gliford Progeria

A
  • NSAIDS
  • Statins
  • Bone health meds
  • OT/PT
50
Q

Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy

A
  • gabapentin/neurontin
  • duloxetine/cymbalta
  • pregabalin/lyrica
51
Q

What is hydrotherapy used for

A

MS and MG

52
Q

**Pneumothorax vs hemothorax

A
  • both decrease lung sounds
  • pneumothorax: air between lungs and chest cavity = ↑ percussion
  • hemothorax: blood between lungs and chest cavity = ↓ percussion
53
Q

Describe tension pneumothorax

A
  • mediastinal shift
  • ↓ CO
  • ↑ HR
54
Q

Tx of Pneumothorax or hemothorax

A

chest tube thoracostomy

55
Q

**_____ PPD induration = positive

A
  • > 5mm immunocompromised
  • > 10mm for high risk/from countries with TB, prisons, nursing homes, etc.
    15mm everyone
56
Q

Other than PPD, test for TB

A
  • chest xray
  • CT scan
  • looking for white spots in lungs or immune system walls of TB
57
Q

**Meds for TB

A
  • isoniazid
  • *- Rifampin (avoid oral contraceptives)
  • Ethambutol
  • Pyrazinamide
58
Q

If BCG vax gi en for TB, PPD is expected to be _____ but not positive

A

> 10mm

59
Q

normal TSH labs

A
  • 0.5-5

- With treatment: 0.5-4

60
Q

normal T3 labs

A

80-220

61
Q

normal T4 labs

A

5-12

62
Q

**What 2 autoimmune diseases cause thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO)

A
  • hashimotos (hypothyroidism)

- graves disease (hyperthyroidism

63
Q

Describe Hashimotos

A
  • ↑ TSH
  • high thyroglobulin (Tg)/TPO
  • initial high T3 then low T3
64
Q

hyperthyroidism causes _____ TSH and high _____

A
  • low TSH

- high T4/T3

65
Q

s/s hyperthyroidism

A
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • ↑ HR/dysrhythmia/angina
  • weakness/atrophy
  • ↑ metabolic rate/appetite
  • warm/moist skin
  • ↑ body temp = heat intolerance
  • stimulatied CNS = nervousness, insomnia, rapid though flow, rapid speech
66
Q

**hypothyroidism causes _____ TSH and low _____

A
  • high

- low T3/T4

67
Q

s/s hypothyroidism

A
  • pale/puffy/expressionless face
  • cold/dry skin
  • brittle hair loss
  • ↓ HR/temp = cold intolerance
  • lethargy
  • fatigue
68
Q

Tx of hyperthyroid

A
  • propylthouracil (PTU)
  • Methimazole (Papazole)
  • iodine
  • BB’s
69
Q

Explain thyroid storm

A
  • death 48 hrs from internal stress
  • post-thyroid surgery
  • High T4 T3 levels from stress s/s
  • atrial tachy dysrhythmias
70
Q

Chrohn’s vs Ulcerative Colitis

A
  • Chrohn’s: inflammation/scarring of all digestive tract (generally just small intestines)
  • Ulcerative Colities: chronic inflammation of large intestine and rectum
71
Q

patients wil atopic dermatitis/eczema are at _____ risk of IBD

A

increased

72
Q

s/s chrohn’s

A
  • skip lesions (cobblestones)
  • intestinal bleeding/diarrhea/crampin
  • fistula
  • fissure
  • ileus
  • mouth ulcers
  • pain worse after eating
  • naval pain or ↓ abdomen
  • malabsorption = anemia
73
Q

Tests for Chrohn’s

A
  • ASCA protein
  • CBC
  • H/H
  • occult bleeding test
  • CRP
  • ESR inflammation
  • electrolytes for constant diarrhea
  • iron &/or B12 absorption
74
Q

Meds for chrohn’s disease

A
  • aminosalicylate
  • sulfasalazine
  • mesalamine
  • IV corticosteroids for 3-10 days/oral steroids for exacerbation
  • abx to manage intestinal bacterial overgrowth
  • Immunosuppressive therapy: methotrexate
75
Q

Diet for chrohn’s disease

A
  • low residue/fiber
  • low fact
  • probiotics
  • avoid caffeine/alcohol (dehydration), sharp edges/large grains
76
Q

s/s ulcerative colities

A
  • diarrhea (blood/pus)
  • cramping
  • rectal pain/bleedings
  • urgency plus inability to defecate
  • wt loss
  • fatigue
  • fever
  • FTT
77
Q

tests for ulcerative colities

A
  • pANCA

- WBC in stool

78
Q

diet for ulcerative colitis

A
  • avoid dairy, big meals, alcohol, caffeine
79
Q

meds for ulcerative colitis

A
  • anti-inflammatories
  • corticosteroids
  • immune system suppressors
  • anti-diarrheals
  • antispasmodics
  • iron supplements
80
Q

Newborn sickle cell:

  • _____ risk for pneumonia d/t non-functional _____ and _____ immune response
  • infants are _____
  • _____/_____ damage
  • cries from pain
A
  • ↑ risk
  • non-functional spleens
  • ↓ immune response
  • infants = anemic
  • speel/liver damage
81
Q

Sickle cell crisis:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. vaso occlusive dactylitis
  2. splenic sequestration
  3. aplastic crisis
82
Q

s/s vaso occlusive dactylitis

A
  • severe pain/swelling in hands/feet
  • back/chest pain
  • fever
83
Q

how to treat vaso occlusive dactylitis

A
  • IV fluids
  • pain meds
  • transfusion high glow O2
84
Q

what is splenic sequestration

  • _____ in hemoglobin
  • _____ shock
  • seen in _____
A
  • acute painful enlargement of spleen
  • drop in hemoglobin
  • hypovolemic shock
  • seen in CT
85
Q

s/s aplastic crisis:

  • sudden _____
  • _____ hemoglobin levels
  • reticulocytopenia (_____)
A
  • sudden pallor & weakness
  • dropping hemoglobin levels
  • reticulocytopenia (low immature RBCs)
86
Q

Prevention of sick cell

A
  • hydrate
  • avoid being too hot or cold
  • avoid high altitudes with low O2
87
Q

**Tx sickle cell

A
  • pain meds
  • hydration
  • O2
  • hydroxyurea (prevents abn RBCs)
  • avoid iron meds
  • PCN prophylaxis for newborns
  • *- don’t give diuretics
88
Q

sick cell prevention in infants

A
  • vaccines
  • abx
  • folic acid
  • regular eye exams
89
Q

**UTI meds: pregnancy & pediatrics safe

A

Pregnancy:

  • fosfomycin (Monurol)(one-time dose)
  • Floxin
  • PCN
  • Nitrofurantoin

Pediatrics Safe:

  • *- Bactrim (Trimethoprim-Sulfa)
  • Augmentin
  • Cephalosporins
  • Suprax
  • Cefzil
  • Keflex
  • if vomiting = IV dose cephalosporins
90
Q

Negative s/s schizophrenia:

A
  • anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)
  • alogia (no speech)
  • avolition (no motivation)
91
Q

first generation meds for schizophrenia

A
  • for positive s/s
  • -dazine
  • chlorpromazine
  • haldol
  • modecate
92
Q

side effects of 1st gen schizophrenia meds

A

extrapyramidal symptoms:

  • dystonia (spasms/muscle contractions)
  • akathisia (restlessness)
  • parkinsonism (rigidity)
  • bradykinesia (slow movement)
  • tardive dyskinesia (jerky movement)
  • antimuscarinic effects (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention)
  • alpha-1 receptor antagonism (orthostatic hypotension)
  • histamine antagonist (wt gain, sedation)
93
Q

2nd generation meds for schizophrenia

A
  • for pos & neg symtpoms
  • risperdal
  • abilify
  • zyprexa
  • seroquel
  • ziprasidon (geodon)
94
Q

side effects of 1st gen schizophrenia meds

A
  • dry

- metabolic side effects (↑ gain, Dyslipidemia, Hyperglycemia)

95
Q

vitamins that may help schizophrenia

A
  • folic acid

- thiamine (B vitamine)

96
Q

**What is tamsulosin (fosamax) used for

A

BPH

  • relaxas muscles
  • alpha-1 antagonist (hypotension education!!!!!)

MSN (48 decks)

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