** Flashcards
**normal lab value of IgA-tTg
0 - 3 U/mL, or 0.00 - 100.00 ug/g
**normal lab value of total IgA
80 – 350 mg/dL
**What is Sjogren’s syndrome
disorder of your immune system identified by its two most common symptoms: dry eyes and mouth
**What is Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
birth defect where you’re born with an open foramen ovale and ducturs arteriosus
↓ developed L ventricle & ↓ developed valves (mitral, aortic) (hole between L&R atria)
- ASD
- PFO
**Treatment of Hutchinson-Gliford Progeria
- NSAIDS
- Statins
- Bone health meds
- OT/PT
**Pneumothorax vs hemothorax
- both decrease lung sounds
- pneumothorax: air between lungs and chest cavity = ↑ percussion
- hemothorax: blood between lungs and chest cavity = ↓ percussion
**_____ PPD induration = positive
- > 5mm immunocompromised
- > 10mm for high risk/from countries with TB, prisons, nursing homes, etc.
15mm everyone
**Meds for TB
- isoniazid
- *- Rifampin (avoid oral contraceptives)
- Ethambutol
- Pyrazinamide
**What 2 diseases cause thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO)
- hashimotos
- graves disease
**hypothyroidism causes _____ TSH and low _____
- high
- low T3/T4
**Tx sickle cell
- pain meds
- hydration
- O2
- hydroxyurea (prevents abn RBCs)
- avoid iron meds
- PCN prophylaxis for newborns
- *- don’t give diuretics
**UTI meds: pregnancy & pediatrics safe
Pregnancy:
- fosfomycin (Monurol)(one-time dose)
- Floxin
- PCN
- Nitrofurantoin
Pediatrics Safe:
- *- Bactrim (Trimethoprim-Sulfa)
- Augmentin
- Cephalosporins
- Suprax
- Cefzil
- Keflex
- if vomiting = IV dose cephalosporins
**What is tamsulosin (fosamax) used for
BPH
- relaxas muscles
- alpha-1 antagonist (hypotension education!!!!!)
**5 s/s pleural effusion
- chest pain
- dry/nonproductive cough
- dyspnea
- orthopnea
- fever
- *- NO SOB
**when do migraines become chronic
**15x/mo
**treatment for migraines
botox
**Treatment of antibiotics-induced cellulitis
- *- Start IV antibiotics or continue PO antibiotics
- Treat fever
- Educate medication regimen
- Wrap wound
**What is clonazepam (klonipin) used for
anxiety
**What is MS
Most common Demyelinating disease that results in damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord.
**Name 3 hormones
- *- ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
- aldosterone (casuses the body to release salt and water = ↓ blood volume = ↓ BP) via Renin-angiotensin system
**What should you monitor when on doxycycline and/or warfarin
INR!!!
**What affect does doxycycline have on warfarin (coumadin)
increases the affect of it = increase bleeding risk
**3 muscle spasm meds
- Antispasmotics:
- Baclofen (Gablofen)
- Tizanidine (Zanaflex)
- Gabapenting (neurontin) d/t it being and anticonvulsant and nerve pain medication
**What is Tay-Sachs (GM2 gangliosidosis)
- Lack of enzyme that breaks down fatty substance, building up toxic levels in the brain and affect the function of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
- *- destroys nerve cells in brain/spinal cord
- Loss of muscle control, cherry-red spots in the eyes
- Loss of motor skills, such as turning over, crawling, and sitting up.
- loss of vision/hearing loss
**Who does Tay-Sachs affect the most & why
Ashkenazi Jewish
- b/c they lack enzyme that ↓ down fatty substances/allows toxic build up in the brain
**s/s asthma
- *- dry cough & wheezing
- breathing through the mouth
- chest pressure
- increased HR
- throat irritation
**First line meds for uncomplicated HTN
Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
**If CKD in stage 3, start on _____
amlodipine (norvasc)
**Depression:
what should you add to meds
cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
What is tamoxifen and what can is cause
It is a hormonal tx for breast cancer:
It can cause cancer of the uterus (womb), strokes, and blood clots in the lungs
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that impacts the lungs and digestive system and…
pancreas
Can you have BB with lung conditions
No! Beta-2 blockers result in bronchoconstriction
Ulcerative Colities affects the _____ and _____ colon and is diagnosed through a _____
- rectum
- sigmoid
- colonoscopy
GFR is rated as severe when it is in the range of _____
15-19 (stage 4)
What medications to give for UTI in young and healthy
trimethoptrim/sulfamethoxazole (bactrim)
Cystic fibrosis leads to
- ↓ serum sodium
- CF-associated DM
- pancreatitis.
Treating insomnia:
- stop _____ by 5pm, decrease distractions, and use a _____ _____ tablet at bedtime
- caffeine
- 5mg melatonin
What to use for migraines
botox
T/F: Studies to date clearly indicate the effectiveness of acupuncture for alleviating cancer pain
False. Studies do not clearly indicate
Cystib fibrosis affects the _____ causing secretions into the _____
- pancreas
- lungs
Start initial dose of warfarin _____ _____ to monitor the effects, titrate dose to INR to _____, and make sure to monitor closely with _____ tx.
- at half
- 2.1
- abx
T/F: thiazide diuretics are used in CKD and sickle cell patients
FALSE! Do NOT use diuretics to treat htn in CKD or sickle cell pts
What conditions does TPO check for
- graves (hyperthyroid)
- hashimotos (hypothyroid)
Describe TSH and T3/T4 levels in hypo/hyperthryroid
Hypo = ↑TSH = ↓T3/T4 Hyper = ↓TSH = ↑T3/T4
Fragile X syndrome can cause _____
ataxia
Prader Willi Sx is caused by deletions of chromosome _____ from _____
- 15
- father
Treat pediatric UTI with…
bactrim
Medication used for neuropathic pain
- cymbalta
- lyrica
- main lab test for celiac
- how to dx celiac
- IgA
- small intestinal bx through EGD
patient experiencing rigors with immunoglobulin infusion, give _____
demerol (meperidine)
Parathyroid gland regulates _____
calcium
Kidney stimulates erythropoietin when blood volume is _____
low
