4.5 Increasing persecution of the Jews Flashcards
What did Darwin believe?
The strongest and the fittest survived
What did Nazi say about the Aryan race?
That they had been ‘polluted’ with non-Aryans
What does Volksgemeinschaft mean?
People’s Community
Which groups were deemed as untermenschen?
Jews and gypsies
What were the three main groups of ‘outsiders’
Ideological (e.g Communists)
Biological (e.g Jews)
Social (e.g. workshy)
What did the Nazis believe that the mentally ill were?
‘burdens on the community’
What ideology had become influential in the 1920s?
Eugenics
What was the 1933 Sterilisation Law?
The compulsory sterilisation of the hereditary ill and people will illnesses such as ‘simple mindedness’
Later, tramps and beggars were also included
How many people were estimated to have been sterilised by the Nazis?
700,000
What was Unit T4?
Established to kill all disabled children - first by lethal injection and then gassing
By 1944, how many people had been killed by Unit T4?
200,000
Give an example of a propaganda film that put pro-euthanasia ideas forward
Victims of the Past
How were ‘asocials’ defined?
Vagabonds, gypsies, beggars, prostitutes, alcoholics, eccentrics, the workshy, and juvenile delinquents
In 1933, how many vagrants were rounded up for work/concentration camps?
500,000
In 1938, how many ‘tramps’ were sent to concentration camps?
10,000
What was the Reich Central Office for Combating Homosexuality and Abortion?
- Created by Himmler
- 1936
- Established a register of homosexuals
In 1937, what happened to homosexual SS officers?
Sent to concentration camps
How many homosexuals were sent to concentration camps overall?
Between 10-15,000
They wore pink triangles
What happened to homosexuals in the concentration camps?
Forced to work
- Some were castrated and became the object of medical experiments
Why were lesbians not prosecuted under Nazi law?
They were not regarded as a threat to the nation
How many gypsies were in Germany in 1933?
Around 30,000
When did Himmler issue the Decree for the Struggle Against the Gypsy Plague?
1938
What happened to gypsies in 1939?
They were rounded up and expelled to Poland
In 1942, what happened to the gypsy population?
They were transferred to Auschwitz to a special gypsy camp
How many gypsies were gassed in Auschwitz?
11,000
How many gypsies were estimated to have been killed by 1945?
500,000
When was marriage between black people and Aryan people banned?
1935
Was antisemtism new to Germany during Nazi rule?
No - they had suffered prejudice for over a thousand years
What percentage of the population did Jews make up in Germany?
1%
Why did Jews appear ‘different’ according to the Nazis?
They had their own customs and religion
When did the boycott of Jewish shops begin?
April 1933
When were Jews banned from public places like parks, cinemas, and swimming pools?
1935
When were the Nuremberg Laws introduced?
1935
What were the Nuremberg Laws?
- Jews and Aryans could not marry
- Jews could no longer vote in elections or hold a German passport
When was the Reich Office for Jewish Emigration set up?
1939
When was Jewish emigration banned?
1941
How many Jews had emigrated from Germany by 1941?
Two-thirds
What were Jews made to carry at all times from 1938?
Identity cards
From 1938, Jewish professionals could not…
Take on work for non-Jews
When was Kristallnacht?
November 1938
What happened during Kristallnacht?
- Over 800 Jewish shops were destroyed
- 191 synagogues were vandalised
- Many Jewish homes were attacked
- 91 Jews were killed and 30,000 were arrested
Who had planned the attacks on Kristallnacht?
Goebbels
How much were the Jewish community forced to pay in compensation for Kristallnacht?
1 billion Reichsmarks
When was Kindertransport?
1938-1940
How many refugee children did Britain take in under Kindertransport?
10,000
What happened to most of the parents of children transported through Kindertransport?
They were killed
