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iGCSE: Germany 1918-1945 > 4.5 Increasing persecution of the Jews > Flashcards

4.5 Increasing persecution of the Jews Flashcards

1
Q

What did Darwin believe?

A

The strongest and the fittest survived

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2
Q

What did Nazi say about the Aryan race?

A

That they had been ‘polluted’ with non-Aryans

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3
Q

What does Volksgemeinschaft mean?

A

People’s Community

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4
Q

Which groups were deemed as untermenschen?

A

Jews and gypsies

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5
Q

What were the three main groups of ‘outsiders’

A

Ideological (e.g Communists)

Biological (e.g Jews)

Social (e.g. workshy)

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6
Q

What did the Nazis believe that the mentally ill were?

A

‘burdens on the community’

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7
Q

What ideology had become influential in the 1920s?

A

Eugenics

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8
Q

What was the 1933 Sterilisation Law?

A

The compulsory sterilisation of the hereditary ill and people will illnesses such as ‘simple mindedness’

Later, tramps and beggars were also included

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9
Q

How many people were estimated to have been sterilised by the Nazis?

A

700,000

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10
Q

What was Unit T4?

A

Established to kill all disabled children - first by lethal injection and then gassing

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11
Q

By 1944, how many people had been killed by Unit T4?

A

200,000

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12
Q

Give an example of a propaganda film that put pro-euthanasia ideas forward

A

Victims of the Past

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13
Q

How were ‘asocials’ defined?

A

Vagabonds, gypsies, beggars, prostitutes, alcoholics, eccentrics, the workshy, and juvenile delinquents

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14
Q

In 1933, how many vagrants were rounded up for work/concentration camps?

A

500,000

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15
Q

In 1938, how many ‘tramps’ were sent to concentration camps?

A

10,000

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16
Q

What was the Reich Central Office for Combating Homosexuality and Abortion?

A
  • Created by Himmler
  • 1936
  • Established a register of homosexuals
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17
Q

In 1937, what happened to homosexual SS officers?

A

Sent to concentration camps

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18
Q

How many homosexuals were sent to concentration camps overall?

A

Between 10-15,000
They wore pink triangles

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19
Q

What happened to homosexuals in the concentration camps?

A

Forced to work
- Some were castrated and became the object of medical experiments

20
Q

Why were lesbians not prosecuted under Nazi law?

A

They were not regarded as a threat to the nation

21
Q

How many gypsies were in Germany in 1933?

A

Around 30,000

22
Q

When did Himmler issue the Decree for the Struggle Against the Gypsy Plague?

A

1938

23
Q

What happened to gypsies in 1939?

A

They were rounded up and expelled to Poland

24
Q

In 1942, what happened to the gypsy population?

A

They were transferred to Auschwitz to a special gypsy camp

25
Q

How many gypsies were gassed in Auschwitz?

A

11,000

26
Q

How many gypsies were estimated to have been killed by 1945?

A

500,000

27
Q

When was marriage between black people and Aryan people banned?

A

1935

28
Q

Was antisemtism new to Germany during Nazi rule?

A

No - they had suffered prejudice for over a thousand years

29
Q

What percentage of the population did Jews make up in Germany?

A

1%

30
Q

Why did Jews appear ‘different’ according to the Nazis?

A

They had their own customs and religion

31
Q

When did the boycott of Jewish shops begin?

A

April 1933

32
Q

When were Jews banned from public places like parks, cinemas, and swimming pools?

A

1935

33
Q

When were the Nuremberg Laws introduced?

A

1935

34
Q

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

A
  • Jews and Aryans could not marry
  • Jews could no longer vote in elections or hold a German passport
35
Q

When was the Reich Office for Jewish Emigration set up?

A

1939

36
Q

When was Jewish emigration banned?

A

1941

37
Q

How many Jews had emigrated from Germany by 1941?

A

Two-thirds

38
Q

What were Jews made to carry at all times from 1938?

A

Identity cards

39
Q

From 1938, Jewish professionals could not…

A

Take on work for non-Jews

40
Q

When was Kristallnacht?

A

November 1938

41
Q

What happened during Kristallnacht?

A
  • Over 800 Jewish shops were destroyed
  • 191 synagogues were vandalised
  • Many Jewish homes were attacked
  • 91 Jews were killed and 30,000 were arrested
42
Q

Who had planned the attacks on Kristallnacht?

A

Goebbels

43
Q

How much were the Jewish community forced to pay in compensation for Kristallnacht?

A

1 billion Reichsmarks

44
Q

When was Kindertransport?

A

1938-1940

45
Q

How many refugee children did Britain take in under Kindertransport?

A

10,000

46
Q

What happened to most of the parents of children transported through Kindertransport?

A

They were killed

iGCSE: Germany 1918-1945 (33 decks)

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