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iGCSE: Germany 1918-1945 > 4.4 Nazi control of education, young people, women and churches > Flashcards

4.4 Nazi control of education, young people, women and churches Flashcards

1
Q

What were Nazi aims for children?

A
  • Be obedient
  • Idolise the Fuhrer
  • Be physically fit
  • Sacrifice self for the national good
  • Be a strong fighter (boys)
  • Bear many children (girls)
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2
Q

What was emphasis placed on in schools?

A

Healthy bodies and a National Socialist character

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3
Q

What were children expected to do outside of school hours?

A

Attend Nazi youth groups

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4
Q

In 1936, what percentage of teachers were part of the Nazi Party?

A

30%

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5
Q

A purge of teachers took place through what law?

A

Law for the Restoration of a Professional Civil Service

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6
Q

By 1937, how many teachers had joined the Nazi Teacher’s Association

A

90%

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7
Q

What did teachers have to attend?

A

Nazi training camps to pass on Nazi values

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8
Q

When were textbooks rewritten?

A

1933

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9
Q

What did Race Studies focus on?

A

Aryans being ‘superior’ and Jews being the ‘lowest racial type’

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10
Q

By 1936, how long was spent on PE a day?

A

2 hours

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11
Q

What did children learn about in history?

A

The rise of the Nazi Party

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12
Q

What did children learn about in geography?

A

The German need for Lebensraum

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13
Q

Domestic Science was taught to girls for what reason?

A

To prepare them for their lives as future mothers and wives

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14
Q

What was the purpose of NAPOLA schools?

A

Educate boys for future leadership in the Reich

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15
Q

How many NAPOLAs were there by 1939?

A

39

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16
Q

What were Adolf Hitler Schools?

A

11 boarding schools for 12-18 year old boys.
Physical, military and political training were the dominant part of the curriculum

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17
Q

Higher education students went from 113,000 in 1933 to what?

A

57,000 in 1937

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18
Q

Why was there such a reduction in higher education students?

A

The Nazi downgrading of academic education

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19
Q

What did all lecturers have to join in November 1933?

A

The Nazi Lecturer’s Association

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20
Q

When was the Hitler Youth formed?

A

1925

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21
Q

By 1933, how many members did the Hitler Youth have?

A

55,000

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22
Q

In 1933, the Nazis banned what?

A

All other youth groups

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23
Q

What was the 1936 Hitler Youth Law?

A

Young people had to belong to a Nazi youth organisation

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24
Q

How did children spend evenings and weekends at Nazi youth groups?

A

Learning about Hitler saving Germany
The ‘evils of Communism’
Girls taught crafts

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25
Q

By 1939, how many members were there of the Hitler Youth?

A

8 million

26
Q

What was life like for women in Weimar Germany?

A
  • Women were teachers, doctors, and civil servants
  • 10% of the Reichstag were women
  • The birth rate had fallen during the 1920s
27
Q

What were Nazi aims for women?

A

They wanted women to stay at home and have babies

The Nazis emphasised the role of the family as the ‘germ cell of the nation’

28
Q

What did the 1933 Law for Encouragement of Marriage provide?

A

Loans for young people to marry but only if women gave up work

29
Q

Numbers of women entering university were…

A

Restricted

30
Q

In 1936, what did the labour shortage mean for women?

A

The Nazis had to relax the limits on women working.

31
Q

By 1939, the number of women working was how much higher than in 1933?

A

50%

32
Q

How could women get money taken off of their marriage loan?

A

For each child, it fell by 25%

33
Q

What does Kinder, Kirche and Kuche mean

A

Children, kitchen, church

34
Q

Which group promoted kinder, kirche and kuche?

A

German Women’s Enterprise

35
Q

By 1939, how many women had attended household skills courses?

A

3.5 million

36
Q

What of medal was given for 5 children?

A

Bronze

37
Q

What medal was given for 6 children?

A

Silver

38
Q

What medal was given for 8 children?

A

Gold - it was given by Hitler

39
Q

True or false: Contraception and abortion were banned

A

True

40
Q

Why did divorce become easier?

A

To boost the birthrate

41
Q

What did welfare schemes do?

A

Distribute milk, grocery parcels, baby clothes and linen

42
Q

What were Harvest Kindergartens?

A

To look after children while mothers were working in fields

43
Q

What programme encouraged procreation outside of marriage?

A

Lebensborn

44
Q

What was set up under the Lebensborn programme?

A

Effectively state-run brothels

45
Q

How many children were born by 1944 as a result of the Lebensborn programme?

A

11,000

46
Q

What was the expectation of women?

A
  • Not wearing make up
  • Wearing home-produced clothes
  • Wearing flat heels
  • No smoking
  • No drinking
47
Q

How many members of the Catholic Church were there in 1933?

A

22 million

48
Q

Why did the Pope present a challenge to Hitler?

A

Catholics were loyal to him and listened to him over Hitler

49
Q

What was the 1933 Concordat?

A

An agreement that the Church would not get involved in political affairs and the Nazis would allow the Catholic Church to have freedom of worship and run its own youth groups and schools

50
Q

Why did Hitler need the Catholic Centre Party?

A

They helped to provide the two-thirds majority that passed the Enabling Act

51
Q

What happened to Catholic newspapers in 1941?

A

Censored and propaganda hinted at financial corruption

52
Q

What did Pope Pius XI issue in 1937?

A

With Burning Concern - it criticised the Nazis

53
Q

What was the Nazi reaction to With Burning Concern?

A
  • Membership of the Catholic League was illegal
  • State funding for the Church was cut
  • Gestapo and SS agents began to spy on Church organisations
  • Catholic Church schools were closed
  • Catholic priests were arrested
54
Q

What percentage of the population were members of the Protestant Church?

A

58% (40m)

55
Q

Why did The German Christians (Protestant group) pose less of a threat to Hitler?

A
  • Many were nationalists
  • Referred to themselves as the SA of the Church
  • Combined Nazi symbols with Christian practices and gave Nazi salutes at Church services
56
Q

When was the Reich Church set up?

A

1933

57
Q

Who was made Bishop of the Reich Church?

A

Ludwig Muller

58
Q

Who was the Confessional Church led by?

A

Niemoller and Bonhoeffer

59
Q

When was the Confessional Church set up?

A

1934

60
Q

What happened to members of the Confessional Church?

A

They were sent to concentration camps

61
Q

What happened to Bonhoeffer and Niemoller?

A

Bonhoeffer was hung in 1945 and Niemoller was sent to a concentration camp (he survived the war)

iGCSE: Germany 1918-1945 (33 decks)

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