4.4.2 - Transpiration Flashcards

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1
Q

How are xylem vessels arranged in a dicot root?

A

In a cross shape

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2
Q

How are xylem vessels arranged in a monocot root?

A

Arranged as tubes that surround the pith

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3
Q

Hoe does water vapour diffuse out of the leaf?

A

Less water in air than in the leaf so there is a water potential gradient.
Leaves have higher water potential

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4
Q

What happens when water is evaporated out of the leaf?

A

Replaced by water in xylem.
water can either move through the cytoplasm or cell wall of mesophyll cells.
Due to water potential gradient.

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5
Q

What are the 2 ways water is taken upwards by the xylem?

A

Cohesion tension
Root pressure

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6
Q

How does cohesion tension pull up water?

A

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds between each other.
A column of water is pulled up through the xylem, this is called transpiration pull

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7
Q

Evidence for cohesion tension?

A

During the day, the diameter of tree trunks is smaller.
Xylem vessels are narrower as they are pulling water upwards.

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8
Q

How does an osmotic potential arise in the roots?

A

Dissolved substances build up in epidermal cells by diffusion.
Gives roots a lower water potential than the soil.

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9
Q

What is the role of endodermal cells?

A

Actively transport solutes into the xylem to create a concentration gradient large enough to pull water up the xylem.

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10
Q

What are the 3 routes water can take when going from root hair cells into endodermis?

A

Apoplast route
Symplast route
Vacuolar route

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11
Q

How does water travel from root hair cells to the endodermis in the apoplast route?

A

Through the cellulose cell walls

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12
Q

How does water travel from root hair cells to the endodermis in the Symplast route?

A

Water diffuses along a water concentration gradient through the cytoplasm of cells

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13
Q

How does water travel from root hair cells to the endodermis in the vacuolar route?

A

Water moves along a water potential gradient but through vacuoles as well as cytoplasm.

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