4.3 introduction to Programming

Question 1

Fundamental Operations of a Computer

Answer 1

–> Add Data
–> Retrieve Data
–> Store Data
–> Compare Data
–> Complex operations are composed of multiple simple operations.

Question 2

Syntax

Answer 2

Structure of programming language

Question 3

Semantics

Answer 3

Refers to the meaning of every construction that is possible in the language

Question 4

Grammar

Answer 4

Meta-language that is used used to define the syntax of a language

Question 5

Reserved keywords

Answer 5

Special words in a language which have a defined function

Question 6

The need for higher-level languages

Answer 6

–>Each computer has its own machine language which consists of 0s and 1s.
–>Machine language is hard to understand and debug
–> Assembly languages replace binary code with symbols called “MNEMONICS”

Question 7

The need for a translation process from a higher-level language to a machine-executable language

Answer 7

–> Most applications are written in high-level languages
–> Translation is required in order to execute
–> The high-level code is called the source code/program
–> The translated code is called the object program

Question 8

Compiler

Answer 8

–>Executes the translation only once
–> All errors are are communicated to the programmer after the code is checked

Question 9

Interpreter

Answer 9

Goes through the translation process every time the program is run.
refers to the process of reading each line

Question 10

Java Virtual Machine

Answer 10

This combines Compiler and Interpreter
It is compiled into bytecode
If the Java Machine Interpreter is installed the code can be run on any machine

Question 11

Variable

Answer 11

used to store data, stored value can be changed during the code execution

Question 12

Constant

Answer 12

Things and quantities that do not change during the program execution

Question 13

Operator

Answer 13

Used to manipulate operands

(eg. 2+3, the number 2 and 3 are operands and the + is an operator)

Question 14

Object

Answer 14

Comprised of data and actions/ methods (operations which can be performed by the object)

Question 15

Characteristics and Applications of a Collection

Answer 15

–> Need to group and store data that will be used
–> Consists 0 or more elements such as objects, values,
–> Collections allow duplicate elements and may contain ordered or unordered elements

Question 16

Advantages of Collection

Answer 16

–>Methods of the collection are predefined
–>Performance is increased due to data management capabilities provided by the collection