3.1 B Network Topologies

Question 1

Point-to-Point

Answer 1

Two Networks connected

Question 2

Bus

Answer 2

Where every device is connected to a single cable that runs from one end of the network to the other.

Pros:
–> Easy installation
–> Fewer cables
–> Easy to manage and expand

Cons:
–> Easily congested on busy periods
–> Efficiency decreases rapidly with each added node
–> Data can only transfer in one direction

Question 3

Star

Answer 3

Consists of One central Node to which all other nodes are connected

Pros:
–> Durable
–> Easy to manage from one point
–> Easy to add and remove nodes

Cons:
–> Requires specialist network hardware (the switch)
–> A finite number of switch ports limits the network’s size

Question 4

Ring

Answer 4

each device is connected to two other devices (Coaxial cable)

Pros:
–> Low cost
–> Low incidence of collision

Cons:
–> One faulty node will bring the entire network down
–> Performance declines rapidly with each additional node

Question 5

Mesh

Answer 5

All devices in the network are interconnected

Pros:
–> High speeds data transfers
–> Very secure
–> Easy to identify faulty equipment

Cons:
–> Requires a very large amount of cable
–> Takes a long time to set up

Question 6

Tree

Answer 6

structure that is shaped like a tree with its many branches. Tree topologies have a root node that is connected to another node hierarchy

Pros:
–> Easy to expand
–> Easy to manage

Cons:
–> Involves a lot of cable
–> The network is dependent on the health of the root node

Question 7

Fully Connection

Answer 7

A network topology in which there is a direct path (branch) between any two nodes

Question 8

Hybrid

Answer 8

Composed of two or more different topologies

Pros:
–> Very flexible
–> Infinitely extendible
–> Adaptable to optimize equipment use

Cons:
–> Requires professional management
–> Needs monitoring software
–> Equipment costs are high

Question 9

Wireless Networking

Answer 9

Devices communicate and exchange data through r radio

Pros:
–> Installing cables can be expensive
–> Easy to set up a temporary link
–> A lot of public access points exist

Cons:
–> Health Concerns (radio waves)
–> Relatively low speed
–> High error rates

Question 10

Social, and Environmental Issues

Answer 10

Social:
–> Cellphones cause 26% of all motor crashes
–> Creates comfort, convenience

Environment:
–> Tech Devices contain hazardous materials (‘g. mercury and lead)
–> Active mobile users ( 7.3 billion in 2014)

Question 11

Wireless Network Adapter

Answer 11

Required for each device on a wireless network

Question 12

Wireless Antennas

Answer 12

Access points and routers frequently utilize WI-FI antennas that significantly increase the effective communication area of a wireless network.

–> Antennas are fixed, optional, and removable

Question 13

Wireless Repeater

Answer 13

(Signal boosters or range expanders) Connects to a router or access point and to rebroadcast it

Question 14

Ethernet to Wireless Access Point or Wireless Access Point to Ethernet

Answer 14

It uses Ethernet cables to carry the signal to the wireless repeater or WAP

Question 15

Ethernet over Power line to Wireless repeater or WAP

Answer 15

Uses Power lines to carry the signal to the wireless repeater or WAP

Question 16

DHCP

Answer 16

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Network Protocol that allows a server to automatically assign an Ip address to a client device.

Question 17

Software Firewall

Answer 17

Network Security system that determines what data comes in and goes out of a network or a PC.

Question 18

Name/ SSID

Answer 18

Service set identification is a set of 32 alphanumeric characters.
Used to differentiate one WLAn from another

Question 19

NIC Drivers

Answer 19

Network Interface Card Driver

Operates or controls the hardware of the card. Acts as a translator between the wireless card and the application or OS of the device

Question 20

OS

Answer 20

Operating System

Handles system resources and is responsible for managing all protocols, hardware, and applications that have to cooperate in order for the network can exist

Question 21

Security Software

Answer 21

Software that prevents unauthorized:
–> Access
–> Use
–> Disclosure
–> Modification
–> Modification
–> Recording
–> Destruction

Question 22

WAP

Answer 22

Wireless Application Protocol
Specifies a set of protocols for accessing information over a mobile wireless network.

Question 23

Web Browser

Answer 23

Application Software that is used to find retrieve and display content on the world wide web

(eg. image, audio, video, other web)

Question 24

Bit Rates

Answer 24

Kilobit per second (kbits/s) –> 10^3
Megabit per second (Mbit/s) –> 10^6
Gigabit per Second (Gbits/s) –>10^12

Question 25

1G/2G

Answer 25

First Gen of mobile technology
Used Analog Transmission.

Question 26

3G

Answer 26

Widely used in telephony
GPS
Video Calls
Mobile TV
Transfer rate of 200kbit/s
More Secure than 2G Networks

Question 27

4G

Answer 27

Mobile Internet access for laptops, smartphones and other devices
Transfer Rate of 100 Mbit/s

Question 28

LTE

Answer 28

Long Term Evolution (4G network) is also a wireless communication of high-speed data
Transfer rates of 300 Mbit/s
Upload rates of 75 Mbit/s

Question 29

WiMax

Answer 29

Telecommunications technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways

Question 30

Sensor Network

Answer 30

Measures data and parameters such as temperature, sound, and pressure for physical and environmental reasons.

Question 31

WiMAX v.s LTE

Answer 31

Both are 4G technologies
Both are Ip Technologies
They use different channels
LTE is compatible with 2G and 3G whereas WiMAX isn’t
LTE is more expensive

Question 32

Encryption

Answer 32

Protects data from unauthorized access during internet use or any other untrusted network.
Uses Complex mathematical algorithms and encryption keys to alter a message into a form that is not understandable to an unauthorized person.

1. Symmetric-Key Encryption
2. Public-Key Encryption

Question 33

Symmetric-Key Encryption

Answer 33

The same key is used for encryption and decryption.
The same key is used by both the sender and the recipient of the message.

Pros:
–> Secure data transmission
–> Relatively fast and efficient

Cons:
–> The key needs to be distributed securely among many users
–> If the key is compromised, all the encrypted data is at risk.

Question 34

Public-Key Encryption

Answer 34

Uses a pair of keys to encrypt and decrypt data. First key with owner and second key is public

Pros:
–> Secure
–> Eliminates the need for secure key exchange between sender and recipient

Cons:
–> slower and more computationally intensive

Question 35

Free Access

Answer 35

Wireless data transmission extends beyond walls and window screens.