4.1 General Principles

Question 1

Sub-procedures

Answer 1

A series of commands that perform a task.
(eg. p184

Question 2

Top-Down Design

Answer 2

Process of breaking down each problem into smaller ones until they can be dealt with individually

Question 3

Identifier

Answer 3

The number that is used by the programmer to uniquely identify a variable

Question 4

Alternate Decisions

Answer 4

different options that are available to a decision-maker when faced with a particular problem or situation

Question 5

Alternate Procedures

Answer 5

the different methods or steps that can be used to arrive at a decision

Question 6

Cause (Conditions)

Answer 6

Refers to a specific set of conditions or events that lead to a particular outcome or problem.

Question 7

Effects (Actions)

Answer 7

the actions or consequences that result from a given situation

Question 8

Iteration

Answer 8

The process of repeating a series of instructions

Can be expressed using the:

–> “from to loop”
–> “while loop”

Question 9

Conditional Statement

Answer 9

Performs different instructions depending on a Boolean Test

(eg. if-then-else conditional statement)

When an “If” is used in an algorithm a Boolean is evaluated. If the condition is true, the consequent statements will be executed. Otherwise the execution continues to the alternative statement

(eg. p188-189)

Question 10

Logical Rules/ Rules of Interference

Answer 10

Programming and algorithmic thinking involves the translation of these rules into algorithms.

Question 11

Input

Answer 11

Something that put into a program

Question 12

Output

Answer 12

Something that is produced by the program after the process

Question 13

Pre-planning

Answer 13

The process of planning something in advance

Question 14

Gantt Chart

Answer 14

Type of Bar chart
Used for project schedule and project management, shows all activities, tasks and events against time.

Question 15

Pre-fetching

Answer 15

Getting data or instructions from memory into the cache before they are actually needed.

Question 16

Software Libraries

Answer 16

Consist of pre-formed elements and are ready for future use

Pre-written code, classes, procedures, methods, etc.

Question 17

Pre Conditions

Answer 17

Indicates what must be true before the sub-procedure is called.

describes the starting state before the execution of an algorithm

(eg. p193)

Question 18

Post Conditions

Answer 18

Indicates what will be true when the sub-procedures complete its task

describes the final state after the execution of an algorithm
(eg. p193)

Question 19

Concurrent

Answer 19

Something happening at the same time as something else

Question 20

Concurrent processing

Answer 20

The execution of different instructions simultaneously by multiple processors so as to achieve the best performance

Question 21

Abstraction

Answer 21

The process of filtering out.
Ignoring characteristics that are not needed in order to focus on the ones that are needed.

Question 22

OOP - Object Orientated Programming

Answer 22

• Uses abstraction
• Bases that all ideas can be considered as events or objects
• Uses programming objects that describe data and behaviours of real objects and facilitates code reusability and abstraction