4.1 General Principles Flashcards
Sub-procedures
A series of commands that perform a task.
(eg. p184
Top-Down Design
Process of breaking down each problem into smaller ones until they can be dealt with individually
Identifier
The number that is used by the programmer to uniquely identify a variable
Alternate Decisions
different options that are available to a decision-maker when faced with a particular problem or situation
Alternate Procedures
the different methods or steps that can be used to arrive at a decision
Cause (Conditions)
Refers to a specific set of conditions or events that lead to a particular outcome or problem.
Effects (Actions)
the actions or consequences that result from a given situation
Iteration
The process of repeating a series of instructions
Can be expressed using the:
–> “from to loop”
–> “while loop”
Conditional Statement
Performs different instructions depending on a Boolean Test
(eg. if-then-else conditional statement)
When an “If” is used in an algorithm a Boolean is evaluated. If the condition is true, the consequent statements will be executed. Otherwise the execution continues to the alternative statement
(eg. p188-189)
Logical Rules/ Rules of Interference
Programming and algorithmic thinking involves the translation of these rules into algorithms.
Input
Something that put into a program
Output
Something that is produced by the program after the process
Pre-planning
The process of planning something in advance
Gantt Chart
Type of Bar chart
Used for project schedule and project management, shows all activities, tasks and events against time.
Pre-fetching
Getting data or instructions from memory into the cache before they are actually needed.
Software Libraries
Consist of pre-formed elements and are ready for future use
Pre-written code, classes, procedures, methods, etc.
Pre Conditions
Indicates what must be true before the sub-procedure is called.
describes the starting state before the execution of an algorithm
(eg. p193)
Post Conditions
Indicates what will be true when the sub-procedures complete its task
describes the final state after the execution of an algorithm
(eg. p193)
Concurrent
Something happening at the same time as something else
Concurrent processing
The execution of different instructions simultaneously by multiple processors so as to achieve the best performance
Abstraction
The process of filtering out.
Ignoring characteristics that are not needed in order to focus on the ones that are needed.
OOP - Object Orientated Programming
- Uses abstraction
- Bases that all ideas can be considered as events or objects
- Uses programming objects that describe data and behaviours of real objects and facilitates code reusability and abstraction
