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Computer Science > 3.1 Networks > Flashcards

3.1 Networks Flashcards

1
Q

Network

A

Set of computer or computer systems that are interconnected and share resources and data

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2
Q

Node

A

A device in a network

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3
Q

Client

A

A computer or a software application that requests a service from a server connected in the same network

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4
Q

Hub

A

Connection Point for all nodes on a single network connected via ethernet cables

DATA TRANSFER
Device–> Hub –> Device

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5
Q

Switch

A

Connection point but can identify which device is connected to which port. It will only send it to the target devices

Whereas Hub sends data to all devices

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6
Q

Router

A

Device that connects network to another network

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7
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network

Networks connected within limited geographical are

(eg. home, school, office, etc.)

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8
Q

VLAN

A

Virtual Local Area Network

Devices from different segments in a LAN connected logically

(eg. LAN in a hospital with different departments)

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9
Q

WLAN

A

Wireless Local Area Network

Connects nodes in a limited geographical but without any wires

Less Secure than LAN

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10
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network

Connects computer systems or LANs from different geographical areas

(eg. internet)

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11
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Network

Type of LAN designed specifically to handle large data transfers.

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12
Q

PAN

A

Personal Area Network

Network that covers individual’s working area, extremely small

(eg. iPhone and AirPods)

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13
Q

P2P

A

Peer to Peer Network

Uses a distributed networl architechture where all systems in teh network are all decentralized.
All nodes are clients and servers at the same time.

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14
Q

Standards

A

A set of guidelines and minimum requirements which must be matched by all networks. If they are not kept,

–>incompatability issues will arise

(eg. PCI Standard
Standard for a slot on motherboard and expansion cards. All cards that follow the PCI standard will be able to fit and communicate with the motherboard)

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15
Q

3.1.3 Describe how communication over networks is broken down into different layers

A

–>Organising the network into layers makes the process less complex.

–>Each problem is spilt into distinct modules.

–>Each Layer carries out a sequence of operations

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16
Q

OSI Model

A

Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application

“Please Do Not Take Steve’s Pet Alligator”

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17
Q

TCP/IP model

A

describes all the functions that take place at each layer of protocols within the TCP/IP suite

–> Represents all the functionailty required for succesful communication between users.

Network
Internet
Transport
Application

“NITA” ambani

See Docs for Image

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18
Q

VPN

A

Virtual Private Network

Makes a tunneled network connection through the Internet or any other public network

–> Ideal for secure connections

–>Allows clients from distant locations to connect for reasons such as LAN not having cables long enough or WAN too far for secure connection.

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19
Q

Hardware/ Software Requirements of VPN

A
  1. Internet Access (S)
  2. VPN software (S)
  3. VPN router (H)
  4. VPN applicance (H)
  5. VPN concentators (in order to handle large groups) - (S)
  6. VPN servers (S)
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20
Q

Secure VPN

A

All traffic is encrypted/ authenticated and sent along virtual tunnels

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21
Q

Trusted VPN

A

All traffic relies on the security of a provider’s network to protect the network.

22
Q

Hybrid VPN

A

Combination of Trusted and Secure VPN.

23
Q

Site-to-Site VPN

A

Connects entire network and facilities secure data inchange between different sites.
–> Gateways are always used

Check textbook for image
p.147

24
Q

Remote-Accesss VPN

A

Connects Individual hosts to private networks and faciliites teleworkers who need access to their company’s network securely using the internet.

–> Host must have VPN client software installed.

25
Q

3.1.5 Evaluate the use of a VPN.

A

–> Communication is easier
–> Offers flexibility to remote workers
–> Improves security
–> Improves overall productivity

26
Q

Protocol

A

International rules that ensure the transfer of data between systems.

Strited Fixed Predefine
eg. TCP/IP

27
Q

Data Packet

A

Portion of a message that is transmitted through a network.

Contains data such as:
–> input
–> transmissions
–>storage or processing

28
Q

Data Integrity

A

The accuracy of data after input, tranmission, storage or processing

29
Q

Source Integrity

A

The identity of the sender has been validated.

Can be proven with Digital Signature.

30
Q

Flow Control

A

The process of directing the flow of execution of a program, allowing different parts of the program to be executed depending on certain conditions.

Determines the order of instructions to be executed

31
Q

Congestion Management

A

When the request on the network resources exceeds the offered capacity

32
Q

Error Correction

A

The ability to repair the error

33
Q

Error Checking

A

The process to determine the error

34
Q

Bandwidth

A

The theoretical speed of data in a medium

35
Q

Throughput

A

The actual transfer rate of data in a medium

36
Q

Bottleneck

A

In a network with many segments, the slowest segment creates a bottleneck that affects the throughput of the network

37
Q

Goodput

A

Measures the transfer rate of usable data

38
Q

Factors that affect the speed of data transmission

A
  1. Bandwidth of the network
  2. Data Transfer rate of storage devices
  3. Interferences
  4. Type of file
  5. CPU Speed
  6. Number of connected devices
39
Q

Data Compression

A

Reduces the size of files to be transmitted over a network

40
Q

Lossy Data Compression

A

A compression method that loses some information, No way to get the original file back

(eg. JPEG, MPEG2, MP3)

41
Q

Lossless Data Compression

A

This method reduces the number of bits by identifying and then eliminating any statistical redundancy. No loss of any data.

(eg. GIF)

42
Q

Wired Communication (5 kinds)

A

Copper Cable –> Common kind of cabling in computer networks

Coaxial Cable –> 2 copper conductors, low installation costs

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable (UTP) –> Popular in LANs, easy to install, prone to electrical interference, Low installation costs

Shielded Twisted Pair Cable –> More difficult to instal that UTP.

Fiber Optic Cable –> Carries beam of Light, Expensive, offers higher speeds, Extremely secure

43
Q

Wireless Communication

A
  1. Microwave Radio
  2. Infrared
  3. RFID
  4. Bluetooth
  5. Free Space Optics
44
Q

Microwave Radio

A

Microwave Radio –> used extensively for mobile telephone networks and LANs. Information is carried through air.

Offers high bandwidth

Difficult to guarantee reliability

Weather can affect performance

eg. Satellites

45
Q

Infrared

A

Used only for short distances. Advanced Security. Cannot pass through objects

46
Q

RFID

A

Uses various radio technologies, needs internal power. No need for internal power source

47
Q

Bluetooth

A

Uses microwave radio to exchange radio. They transmit at very low power levels. Frequencies change regularly

48
Q

Free Space Optics

A

Use of lasers for wireless computer communication

49
Q

Characteristics of the different transmission

A

Check Textbook - p154

50
Q

Data Packet

A

Unit of information in a form suitable to travel between computers

51
Q

Packet Switching Communication Method

A

Refers to a communication method used in computer networks in which data are grouped in packets.

The original file is divided into packet before transmission and each packet may follow a different path to the destination

52
Q

Datagram Packet Switching

A

Each packet contains the receiver’s address
The path each packet takes can be different

Computer Science (13 decks)

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