2.1 Computer Organization Flashcards
CPU
Central Process Unit
Hardware chip that controls all processes and does all the calculations on the data the system handles
ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Part of the CPU does all the arithmetic calculations
CU
Control Unit
Handles the loading of new commands into the CPU and decodes the commands
Registers
high-speed memory units located inside the processor are used to store and manipulate data and instructions during program execution.
Cache Memory
small, high-speed memory unit used by the processor to temporarily store frequently used data and instructions for faster access.
CPU Block Diagram/ Von Neumann Diagram
Input –> CPU –> Output
I
Primary Memory
(See Notes Document/ Textbook)
MAR
Memory Address Register
Holds the address of the current Instructions
(Fetched from the Memory or the address in the memory to which data is to be transferred)
MDR
Memory Direct Register
Holds the content found at the address held in the MAR or Data that needs to be transferred to primary memory
RAM
Random Access Memory
–> Computer’s short-term@ memory
–> used for active tasks and apps
ROM
Read Only Memory
–> Non-volatile
–> Received data is permanently written on somewhere
2.1.4 Machine Instruction Cycle
- Fetch the instruction from primary memory to control Unit
- Decode instruction in the Control Unit
- Execute instruction
- Store the results of executions and check for the next instructions
2.1.5 The Need for Persistent Storage
For it to store data and programs after the computer is turned off.
Or else every program and data would need to be reinstalled.
Memory Management
(main functions of an operating system)
managing the RAM. Ask has no allowed the programs to be less concerned with the computer architecture.
Controlling and monitoring of system functions
(main functions of an operating system)
–> Controls the Peripheral devices
–> Programs only need to be concerned with the tasks they are supposed to carry out
2.1.7 Outline the use of a range of application software
Word –> A program to create and edit continue
Spreadsheets –> A program to make calculations
Computer-Aided Design –> Software to digitally design and edit parts to be manufactured.
