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Criminology > 4.3✅ > Flashcards

4.3✅ Flashcards

1
Q

how do newspaper create campaigns?

A
  • spread the information and massage
  • reach wider audiences
  • gain interest
  • help the cause of the campaign
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2
Q

examples of campaign using newspapers?

A
  • Sarah’s law
  • Lillian’s law
  • Finn’s law
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3
Q

what is the aim of Sarah’s law?

A

this campaign allows parents, caters or others to ask the police if a convicted sex offenders has contact with a specific child

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4
Q

how did Sarah’s law start?

A
  • when Sarah Payne was abducted and murdered in July 2000 in West Sussex, 8 year old by Roy Whiting
  • Whiting was convicted in 1995 of abducting and indecently assaulting another 8 year old
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5
Q

what newspaper was used by Sarah’s law?

A

This campaign was championed by the News of the World newspaper and Sarah’s parents
- this newspaper claimed 50 people were pedophiles

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6
Q

how did Sarah’s law change laws/policies?

A
  • The campaign got the government to introduce the Child Sex Offender Disclosure Scheme throughout England and Wales in 2011
  • anyone can ask the police if someone in contact with a child has a record of child sexual offences
  • however police are not obliged to and will only do so if the child is at risk
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7
Q

how/why did Lillian’s law start?

A

This campaign started due to the death of Lillian Groves in June 2010 to raise awareness of drug driving as the 14 year old was hit by a driver on drugs

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8
Q

which newspaper was used by Lillian’s Law?

A

The Croydon Advertiser launched the campaign with Lillian’s family aimed towards the government to reform the law on drug driving

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9
Q

how did the laws/policies change due to Lillian’s law?

A

the success led to a new drug driving law in England and Wales
- 2015, the law made driving will certain illegal and prescribed drugs above a certain limit

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10
Q

what is the aim of Finns law?

A

the campaigns aim to prevent attackers from claiming self defence

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11
Q

what newspapers were involved in Finns law?

A

The key parties is BCC news, daily mail and ITV news sharing the story of police dog, called Finn
- who was stabbed by an attacker when defending their handler

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12
Q

how did Finn’s Law change views/policies/laws?

A
  • this had a huge impact on the public as they received over 120000 signatures
  • this became successful in 2019 with the animal welfare bill, making sure that those who harm service animals are not able to claim self defence
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13
Q

what are individual crimes with in examples?

A

these campaigns are started by/because of an individual
eg:
Ann Ming’s campaign
Helen’s Law
Clare’s Law

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14
Q

what is the Billy Dunlop case?

A
  • Julie was murdered in 1989 and Dunlop was charged with the crime
  • After 2 juries Dunlop was acquired by convention if 2 juries fail to reach a verdict prosecutors drop the case
  • 1998
    • Dunlop was jailed for an attacker on a former lover
    • while in prison admitted to a prison officer that he had murdered Julie Hogg
    • the officer reported and Dunlop was committed of having perjury (lying under oath)
  • Dunlop was sentenced to 6 years imprisonment but no action could be taken in relation to the murder itself because of the double jeopardy rule
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15
Q

what is the aim of Ann Ming’s campaign?

A

aim to see Dunlop convicted of Julie’s (daughter) murder

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16
Q

what involvement helped impact Ann Ming campaign?

A

Lobbying politicians, using the press, TV and radio to publicise the case

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17
Q

what laws/policies changed due to Ann Ming campaign?

A

The 2003 Criminal Justice Act was the result of the campaign
- permitting serious crimes to be retried eg murder and rape
- only if new and compelling evidence emerges

Double Jeopardy Law

18
Q

how did Helen’s law start?

A

2015- Marie McCourt started this to enact a law that would prevent convicted murdered who refuse to reveal the location of victims bodies being released on parole
- her mother campaigned as her daughters murderer Ian Simms was released last year despite not saying when he hid her body

19
Q

what was the success of Helen’s law?

A
  • legislation gained royal assent in November
  • 5 years of campaigning 3/4 of 1million signatures of support, 2 trips to Downing Street, 3 visits to parliament and meetings with MPs/ministers
  • it made it difficult for murder and paedophiles who hold back informations on their victims to receive parole
20
Q

why did Clare’s law start?

A

Campaign led by Micheal Brown (Clare’s father) Clare Wood was murdered by her abusive ex boyfriend in 2009

21
Q

what did Clare’s law change?

A

Made sure:
- you can make an application the the police requesting information about your current or ex partner because you are worried about their abuse
- request information about partner of a dose friend neighbour or family member because they may be at risk of DV in future

22
Q

what was the aim of Clare’s Law?

A

was created to help prevent future domestic abuse

23
Q

what are pressure groups?

A
  • groups/ organisations
  • aims to influence government policies
  • change/introduce laws
  • they don’t this by gaining public support and resharing politicians to change
24
Q

what are examples of pressure group campaigns?

A
  • TV advertising
  • Events (protests)
  • Petitions
  • Merchandise
25
Q

what are the campaigns for pressure groups?

A
  • protection against stalking (PAS)
  • INQUEST
  • Howard League for Penal Reform (HLPR)
26
Q

what is the aim of PAS?

A

to protect the victims of stalking

27
Q

who is involved in PAS?

A

MP’s, peers, all parties in parliament, police, local charities, victims
(Cross party campaigns)

28
Q

why did PAS begin?

A

because the police were not prioritising stalking and the Anti- harassment law was not fit for purpose (only 70 prosecutions made in 10 years)
- stalking needed to be taken more serious

29
Q

how was PAS success?

A
  • important to for victims to present evidence because it made it impossible to ignore (120000 victims each year)
  • the campaign made the message stronger and changed the law changing awareness and allowing the crime to be taken serious
  • now criminals offence of 5 years imprisonment
  • new law of protection of freedom Act (2012)
30
Q

what is the aim of INQUEST?

A
  • focuses on state related death eg in police custody immigration detention centres and psychiatric cave
  • it has been involved in INQUEST such as Grenfell Tower and 2011 Riots
  • aims to ensure institutions are held accountable
31
Q

what are the methods of INQUEST?

A
  • married out specialist casework to support bereaved people to that can establish the truth about a death
  • use their research to press public bodies to change their policies
32
Q

what are the policy changes in INQUEST?

A

Independence Police Complaints Commission (IPCC)
- investigated serious complaints and allegations of police misconduct
- extending the corporate manslaughter act (2007) so that it covers death in custody of public authorities

33
Q

what is the aim of Howard league for penal reform?

A
  • National charity working for less crime, safer communities and fewer people in prison
  • names after John Howard (18th century prison reformer)
34
Q

how is involved in HLPR?

A

prison and public lawyers, communications and policy staff

35
Q

what was the success for HLPR?

A
  • transformed laws, policies and practises for children and young adults int he system
  • 2002- laws changes so children Act 1989 applied to children is custody
  • worked with police forces to reduce child arrested by more that 70%
  • 1948- incorporated national association for the abolition of capital punishment (death penalty)
  • books for prisons campaign- overturned restrictions on sending books to people in prison
  • using their experiences in their work
36
Q

what events did HLPR?

A

-in person/online, seminars, panel events
- advice line, legal cases- press release, participation (give voice to children in prison)

37
Q

what was Ann Mings campaign called?

A

The Double Jeopardy Campaign

38
Q

what law/act did Helen’s law introduce?

A

Prisoners (disclosure of information) Act in January 2021

39
Q

what law did Clare’s Law introduce?

A

The Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme(DVDS)

40
Q

how did Ann Ming campaign?

A

Used MPs

Criminology (9 decks)

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