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G4. Regeneration > 4.1 Classification Of Economies > Flashcards

4.1 Classification Of Economies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary sector

A
  • collection of raw materials and producing good crops
  • mainly in rural areas
  • typically low paid manual work
  • income may be seasonal
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2
Q

What is the secondary sector

A
  • manufacturing raw materials into goods
  • typically more regular income than primary jobs
  • typically concentrated in the north or aboard due to the global shift
  • declining
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3
Q

What is the tertiary sector

A
  • providing a service
  • private or public sector
  • concentrated in urban areas
  • wages vary from minimum wage (cleaners, hospitality) to highly paid professionals (doctors)
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4
Q

What is the quaternary sector

A
  • providing specialist services (finance, law, tech, research, development)
  • highly educated workforce
  • concentrated mostly in the south
  • fastest growing in the UK
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5
Q

What does the Clarke-Fisher model depict in a pre-industrial area

A

Primary sector dominates employment
Small percentage in secondary

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6
Q

What does the Clarke-Fisher model depict in an industrial area

A

Primary sector declines due to mechanisation
Manufacturing dominates industry

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7
Q

What does the Clarke-Fisher model depict in a post industrial area

A

Factories move overseas for cheaper manufacturing (global shift)
Secondary industry declines
Tertiary and quaternary sector grow due to highly educated and skilled workforce
Higher incomes

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8
Q

What section of the Clarke fisher model does the UK fit into and why

A

Post industrial
1% employed in primary
15% in secondary
84% in tertiary and quaternary sector

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9
Q

How are jobs classified

A
  • full time / part time
  • temporary / permanent
  • employed or self employed
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10
Q

How is economic activity analysed

A
  • employment data
  • economic output
  • Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
  • Gross Value Added (GVA)
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11
Q

What is GDP

A

The total value of goods and services in the country

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12
Q

What is GVA

A

The value of goods and services in an area, industry, or economic sector

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13
Q

Woking - what percentage of people are in employment / unemployed / economically inactive

A

Employed - over 80%
Unemployed - 3%
Economic inactivity - 12% (less than UK average)

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14
Q

Stratford - what percentage of people are in employment / unemployed / economically inactive

A

Employed - 70%
Unemployed - 5.0%
Economic inactivity - just under 30% (higher than average in both London and the UK)

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15
Q

Stratford - what industry employs the most / least people

A

Most - Wholesale and retail trade (15%)
Least - Mining and quarrying (5 people)

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16
Q

Woking - what industry employs the most / least people

A

Most - Professional scientific and technical activities (11%)

Least - activities in extraterritorial organisations (0.1%)

17
Q

Woking - what occupation type employs the most / least people

A

Most - professional occupations (just under 25%)

Least - machine operations (5%)

18
Q

Stratford - what occupation type employs the most / least people

A

Most - professional (just under 30%)

Least - machine operations (2%)

19
Q

How does economic activity affect social factors - health - postcode lottery

A
  • Healthcare is unequally distributed across the UK
  • because salaries vary
  • low income areas receive less investment into services like healthcare
20
Q

How does economic activity affect social factors - health - food deserts

A
  • inner cities often have cheaper, processed and take away food dominating customer choice
  • majority of fast food restaurants are in the poorest boroughs eg Bradford
  • 1 restaurant to 625 people in Blackburn-with-Darren
  • people on lower incomes opt for this rather than more expensive organic ingredients
  • poor diets lead to poor health
21
Q

How does economic activity affect social factors - health - lifestyle

A
  • affluent people can afford gym memberships, healthier food etc
  • poorer people may exercise less, eat unhealthily, use drugs to cope
  • shared / council housing is typically in poor condition as they are quickly made with poor insulation and ventilation
  • this causes damp leading to respiratory conditions
22
Q

How does economic activity affect social factors - life expectancy - gender

A
  • more men are employed in primary and secondary sectors
  • 95% of work place fatalities are male
  • men are 3x more likely to commit suicide
23
Q

How does economic activity affect social factors - life expectancy - types of jobs

A
  • varies by 5 years between managerial and routine roles
  • higher paid roles have better access to healthcare and typically have lower health risks
24
Q

How does economic activity affect social factors - levels of education - highest performing regions in 2023 GCSEs

A
  • London was highest performing (75% receiving grades A*-C)
  • West Midlands was the lowest performing (63%)
25
Q

How does economic activity affect social factors - levels of education - demographic groups

A
  • worst performing group is white working class males
  • intergenerational cycle of parents to children of anti-school subculture
  • higher education (degree) is expensive
26
Q

How is health in Woking

A
  • almost 100% in unshared housing
  • Maybury has the lowest % in very good heart (40%)
27
Q

How is health in Stratford

A
  • almost 100% are in unshared housing
  • around 50% are in her good health
28
Q

What is life expectancy in Woking / Stratford

A

Woking - 84 years

Stratford - 82 years

29
Q

What percentage have degrees in Woking / Stratford

A

Woking - 40%

Stratford - just under 50%

30
Q

What is quality of life

A
  • holistic measurement
  • level of social/economic well being
  • measured by wealth, happiness, education, income, leisure
31
Q

What indicators contribute to quality of life

A

Globally - HDI
Nationally - Index of Multiple Deprivations (IoMD)
Happy Planet Index - HPI

32
Q

What factors contribute to IoMD

A

Income
Employment
Health deprivation and disability
Education skills and training
Barriers to housing and services
Crime
Living environment

G4. Regeneration (13 decks)

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