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Question 1

Which of the following nutrients is not a concern for vegetarian clients?

Iron

Vitamin B12

Calcium

Protein

Vitamin C

Answer 1

Vitamin C:

is correct because a vegetarian should be able to consume adequate vitamin C from fruits and vegetables.

Vegetarians are able to satisfy their nutritional requirements, but they do so with the knowledge that it is more difficult to obtain satisfactory levels of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and energy.

The other optional answers are incorrect because they are primarily abudant in animal food sources.

Chapter 6

Question 2

In which of the following systems does the brain play the largest part?

Lymphatic system

Central nervous system

Respiratory system

Cardiovascular system

Muscular system

Answer 2

Central nervous system:

is correct because the brain is one of two major components of the central nervous system along with the spinal cord.

This system receives, analysis and sends signals [impulses] to the rest of the body, like the muscles and the glands.

The othe answer options are incorrect while the brain may interact with them it is not a major component of them.

Question 3

Which of the following ordering of exercise is considered ideal when designing resistance training programs?

Bench press, push press, triceps press downs

Push press, triceps press down, bench press

Push press, bench press, triceps press down

Triceps press down, push press, bench press

Triceps push down, bench press, push press

Answer 3

Push press, bench press, triceps press-down:

(See push press image below)

is correct because this sequence moves from fastest to slowest, most complicated to least complicated and multi-joint to single joint.

Of all the exercises, power exercises require the highest level of both skill and concentration; not suprisingly, they are also the exercises most affected by fatigue.

If athletes are fatigued, they are likely to use poor technique and are therefore at a higher risk of injury.

The other answer options are incorrect because: power exercise isn’t performed first, multi-joint being performed before the single joint, or the sequence didn’t move from most complicated to least complicated.

Chapter 14

Question 4

Which two phases of a stride are present in both accelerating and maximum velocity sprinting?

Recovery and ground preparation

Braking and propulsion

Push-off and acceleration

Cutting and stopping

Flight and support

Answer 4

Flight and support:

is correct because with these types of locomotion one foot must be in contact with the ground, while the other is off the ground.

Although distinct from each other, both acceleration and max velocity running are characterized by flight, which includes recovery and ground preparation and support, which includes eccentric braking and concentric propulsion.

The other answer options are incorrect because they’re either: both parts of flight or support phase, are not a stage of linear sprinting or not phases of acceleration and max velocity sprinting.

Chapter 18

Question 5

Shin splints refers to a pain or inflammation in which part of the body?

Feet

Calves

Lower legs

Blood vessels

Upper legs

Answer 5

Lower legs:

is correct because the shin is the front portion of the lower leg.

Shin splints typically cause by excessive force on the shin bone when running, jumping or other such high-impact activities.

It is typically an overuse injury.

The other answer options are incorrect because: feet, not affected by this injury, Calves, this injury affect the anterior area of the leg, upper leg, injury not in this area.

Appendix B

Question 6

Several clients are complaining of continued fatigue and difficulty sleeping following recent resistance training sessions, which phase of trainning are these clients likely experiencing?

Alarm

Rested

Exhaustion

Resistance

Compensation

Answer 6

Exhaustion:

is correct because these are symptoms of overtraining.

General adaptation syndrome states that an individual enters an alarm phase of decreased performance immediately following an overload, with recovery the individual will resist the stress and compensate [adapt] from it.

If recovery is not allowed, overtraining symptoms will present and the exhaustion phase will be experienced.

The other options offered as answers are not typical symptoms.

Question 7

What happens to a muscle during an isometric contraction?

Stays the same length while contracting

Lengthens while contracting

Stays the same length while relaxing

Shortens while contraction

Lengthens while relaxing

Answer 7

The correct answer is an isometric contraction is characterized by a muscle that stays the same length while contracting.

Tension is developed in the actin-myosin cross bridges, but not enough force is applied to overcome external resistance and move the joint.

Training adaptations from isometric contractions are similar to training that involves concentric or eccentric contractions.

Stays the same length while relaxing: by definition, a contraction involves tension developed in the actin-myosin cross bridges during relaxation no tension is created.

Shortens while contraction: this scenerio describes what occurs during a concentric contraction.

Lengthens while contracting: the muscle lengthens during an eccentric contraction.

Lengthens while relaxing: muscle relaxation is the opposite of a contraction and does not involve any tension which is present in an isometric contraction.

Question 8

Which of the following vitamins does not require lipids to function properly?

Vitamin A

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Answer 8

Vitamin C:

is correct because it is a water soluble vitamin.

Fat-soluble vitamins require lipids to aid in their delivery to the various cells of the body.

The other choices are incorrect because they are fat-soluble vitamins. The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamin A,D,E and K.

Chapter 6

Question 9

Which of the following is regulated by the autonomic nervous system inside the human body?

Blood shunting

Breathing

Digestion

Heart rate

All of these

Answer 9

All of these:

is correct because the autonomic nervous system [ANS] regulates all of the unconscious vital bodily functions.

These functions continue throughout the course of one’s life. The ANS controls such processes as breathing, heart beat, blood shunting and digestion.

All of the options are correct as a group.

Chapter 5

Question 10

Which type of grip is being utilized when a client’s palms are up and their knuckles are down?

Pronated or overhand grip

Supinated or underhand grip

Open or false grip

Closed or hook grip

Neutral grip

Answer 10

Supinated or underhand grip:

is correct because this involves the palms facing foward or up.

The supinated grip is one of the most common grips used in resistance training. It is also referred to as an underhand grip.

Pronated or overhand grip involves palms facing down.

Open or false grip this could be used supinated or pronated.

Closed or hook grip this could be used supinated or pronated.

Neutral grip involves palms facing each other.

Chapter 14

Question 11

The ventilatory pump consists of which of the following?

Diapharm

The chest wall

All of these

Pleural space

Respiratory muscles

Answer 11

All of these:

is correct because it consists of the respiratory muscles, chest wall and pleural space.

The ventilatory pump provides the mechanisms for breathing.

Injuring or altering these structures can have serious ventilatory consequences.

All responses together are is incorrect. Individually they are incorrect.

Chapter 5

Question 12

Which of the following is not a method of empowering PTs by manager or employer?

Encourage PTs to seek additional continuing educaton

Include PTs in discussion about compensation

Encourage PTs to share in staff meetings

Allowing PTs to establish the policies of facility

Allow PTs to help plan new training regimens

Answer 12

Allowing PTs to establish the policies of facility:

is correct because this is the responsibility of the PTing manager or facility owner.

The opinions or insights of the PTs can be sought about policies, but they should not have the final say.

There are many other methods to empower the PTs to increase their self-efficacy and self-worth.

All of the other answer options are incorrect because they actually do empower PTs.

Question 13

When should a trainer ask a client to sign a Release of Medical Information form?

If this is the client’s first experience exercising with a PT

If the client lives with their parents

If the client struggles with weight management

If the client uses public transportation on a regular basis

If the client has multiple serious medical complications

Answer 13

If the client has multiple serious medical complications:

is correct because this will help ensure the safety of the client.

A trainer should have a client sign a medical release form if that client has several health conditions and is considered “high risk”.

Remember, the client may not be aware of the risk associated with mixing exercise with their current medical conditions.

The other options are incorrect because they have no bearing on maintaining client safety

Chapter 11

Question 14

Aside from slip and fall claims, what is the next most common claim made a against trainers and fitness facilities?

Injuries from using equipment

Illegal steroid usage

Negligence

Sexual harassment

Insufficient results

Answer 14

Injuries from using equipment:

is correct because this is a very common claim.

ACSM reports that the second leading claim against trainers is when a person gets injured using exercise equipment.

A trainer needs to make sure the equiment is safe for the client, both theoretically and structurally.

Negligence, sexual harassment and illegal steriod usage are incorrect because this is not a claim that can be made.

Insufficient results is incorrect because this is not a claim that can be made.

Chapter 21

Question 15

Which of the following will build a relationship with a customer and provide a great service?

Dressing in a casual manner

Being late or disorganized

Be sincere with all clients

Attempting to solve a client’s issue, even if it is not within the scope of practice

Speaking in a casual and joking manner

Answer 15

Being sincere with all clients:

is correct because this will build trust, loyalty and rapport with a client. PTs are in a service management industry.

Developing relationships and providing excellent customer service separates successful PTs from mediocre ones.

The other option answers are incorrect because they do not build a professional relationship, or build trust and rapport and they can be a liability.

Chapter 10

Question 16

When advertising your training services, which benefit can you market to a potential client?

More productive workouts

Achieve greater results

Achieve quicker results

All of these

Reduces injuries

Answer 16

All of these:

is correct because there are many benefits of training services that can be marketed to a potential client.

A PT should understand how PTing can benefit a potential client.

One’s services can greatly assist a client by preventing injuries, providing quicker results and creating a systematic approach to accomplishing their goals.

Chapter 20

Question 17

Which of the following is and example of a “push” promotion for a fitness professional?

Advertising in print media

Organizing a charity lift-a-thon for members and non-members

Offering a “train with a friend” day for current members

Obtaining a new and attractive signage for the facility

Offering a free training session for every 10 purchased

Answer 17

Offering a free training session for every 10 purchased:

is correct because this is a bulk incentive.

Promotions can generally be classified as “pushes” or “pulls”.

Pulls are designed to make consumers aware of one’s services.

Pushes encourage consumers to purchase services, typically in bulk, via incentives such as seasonal or bulk discounts.

The other answer options are either examples of “pull” promotions or are designed to make consumers aware of your services.

Chapter 20

Question 18

How can medications impact exercise prescriptions?

They can impact blood pressure

They can alter cognitive function

They can alter heart rate

All of these

They can alter balance

Answer 18

All of these:

is correct because medications can impact how a client acutely or chronically reacts to exercise. It is crucial that a trainer knows every medication that a client has been prescribed.

The side effects of these medications could dramatically impact which exercises a client can or cannot safely perform.

Page 11

Question 19

What type of insurance should be obtained by a PT to manage risk effectively?

Life insurance

None of these

Rental insurance

Liability insurance

Health insurance

Answer 19

Liability insurance:

is correct because this will protect the PT from any litigation.

Liability insurance transfers the risk to the insurer.

Even if the PT is negligent the insurance company assumes responsibility for resolving any claims.

The other answer options are incorrect because they either: protect facility owners from theft or damage, or protect a family from a loss of life, or aids the insured when sick or injured.

Chapter 21

Question 20

Which of the following is not a purpose of developing a yearly budget?

To allow justification of business expenses

To compare actual versus predicted results

To make financial goals

To improve the relationships with clients

None of these

Answer 20

To improve the relationships with clients:

is correct because clients should not know or even need to be aware of the budget.

Budgets help organize business finances and make tax reporting easier.

Often a computer is needed to make an accurate, reliable and analyzable budget.

To make financial goals, to compare actual versus predicted results and to allow justification of business expenses are each incorrect because these are purposes of making a budget.

Chapter 20

Question 21

What is the most important factor for achieving long term sucess as a PT?

Achieving client results

Obtaining many new clients

Creating a good pay structure

Establish and maintain repeat clients

Being courteous to clients

Answer 21

Establish and maintain repeat clients:

is correct because this ensures steady income.

Obtaining new clients requires marketing, sales and customer service skills.

Keeping clients relies on the education and experience of the PT as well as their customer service skills.

The other answer options are incorrect because they mean very little if the trainer can’t obtain and maintain clients.

Chapter 20

Question 22

Beyond a visual inspection to ensure a safe training environment, what other assessment of the facility can a PT do to minimize risk?

Listen for safety issues

Perform an actual-use test

Look through the policies and procedure manual

None of these

Ask customers if they see any issues

Answer 22

Perform an actual-use test:

is correct because this allows for a risk assessment aspect of using a training facility that are not readily apparent from a visual inspection.

Business owners are obligated to identify and eliminate risks that are reasonably foreseeable and to appropriately warn patrons of any persistently hazardous conditions.

In testing for these conditions, the PT should attempt to utilize the equipment as a client would.

The other answer options are incorrect because they’re either: relativley ineffective, aren’t professional, still wouldn’t identify potentially hazardous issues are not give as an option.

Chapter 21

Question 23

Which marketing strategy has a very low rate of return, but is associated with a low cost?

Advertising

Promotional materials

Direct mail

Lead boxes

Referrals

Answer 23

Lead boxes:

is correct because this requires the potential client to perform an action to become a lead.

This strategy primarily serves as a source for leads [names].

The boxes are placed in business locations that tend to serve customer bases that are demographically similar to your targeted audiences.

The other answer options are incorrect because they’re either: high rate of return, have significant cost or is not considered a method of lead generation.

Question 24

When would a client require medical supervision during a maximal exercise test?

When the client requires medical clearance for vigorous exercise

When the client has a family history of cardiovascular disease

When in the moderate or high risk classification

When the client is obese

When in the high risk classification

Answer 24

When in the high risk classification:

is correct because this indicates that the client is at significant risk for a cardiopulmonary incident during moderate to vigorous exercise.

Having a medical professinal present takes much of the liability away from the PT and increases the safety of the client.

Exercise testing for this client is most likely submaximal.

The other answer options are incorrect because they are not automatic situations that guarantee a risk factor or call for a medical clearance necessarily.

Chapter 11

Question 25

Tennis elbow refers to an injury to which area of the body?

The joint elbow

The forearm

The tendon outside of the elbow

The biceps bracii

The triceps brachii

Answer 25

The tendon outside of the elbow:

(See image below)

is correct because the injury’s real name is lateral epicondylitis, which is inflammation of the tendon on the lateral aspect of the elbow.

It is caused by excessive gripping or though excessive rotation of the wrist.

A trainer should be able to understand this injury and how to prevent it.

The other answer options are incorrect because they have nothing to do with the elbow.

Chapter 3