376 - 400

Question 1

What is the purpose of the Physical Activity Readiness questionnaire [PAR-Q]?

To determine the client’s motivation level

To determine how hard the individual can be pushed

To identify those who need further medical evaluation

To diagnose cardiovascular disease

To design the training program

Answer 1

To identify those who need further medical evaluation :

is correct because the PAR-Q is designed to determine the safety or possible risk of exercise based on the specific health history questions.

It is primarily aimed at identifying those that require a more comprehensive medical evaluation prior to beginning a new exercise regime because they are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease.

PTs should refer the clients to a physician when they answer “yes” to one or more questions on the PAR-Q.

The other options area incorrect because the PAR-Q does not diagnose of assess them.

Question 2

Why is it important to have the client in a relaxed state when taking their resting blood pressure measurements?

To eliminate false elevated readings

To eliminate unreadable measurements

To eliminate false lowered readings

To get clear Korotkoff sounds

None of these

Answer 2

To eliminate false elevated readings:

is correct because the anxiety and nervousness of taking the assessment may increase the client’s blood pressure.

This is known as the white coat syndrome and can occur with other physiological and psychological assessments.

Thus, maintaining a relaxed atmosphere sets the client at ease, which is important when performing blood pressure measurements.

The reasons the other options are incorrect are: anxiety and nervousness will increase the measurement, has no bearing on ability to hear Kortkoff sounds and anxiety and nervousness will not eliminate ability to obtain a measurement.

Question 3

During an assessment that includes the 1.5 mile run, 1 RM bench press, Vertical jump, sit and reach and resting blood pressure, which test should occur first?

1.5 mile run

1 RM bench press

Vertical jump

sit and reach

Resting blood pressure

Answer 3

Resting blood pressure:

is correct because the ACSM recommends that resting measurements should be taking before any exertional assessments.

The exact sequence of assessments is dictated by the setting and equipment available.

Asssessment should only take pace after a client has completed a pre-participation screening.

The other options are all exertional assessments and should occur after the resting blood pressure assessment. Therefore they are incorrect.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a trait possessed by a pro PT who creates a hospitality experience?

Work ethic

Empathy

Integrity

Optimistic warmth

Lecturing skills

Answer 4

Lecturing skills:

is correct because this skill is not an emotionally driven behavior that demonstrates to the client that they are special and cared for by the PT.

Warmth, friendliness, kindness and the instinct to want to do the right thing for the clients are ultimately at the core of hospitality.

Hospitality is a dialogue and lecturing a client about health and fitness is not recommended.

The other options show genuine kindness and thoughtfullness, shows that the PT is connecting with how the client feels, shows that the PT is accountable and that the PT is performing at max ability.

Question 5

Which 2 factors determine the frequency and number of sessions a PT should recommend during the initial client consultation

Client’s schedule and motivation

Client’s needs and goals

Client’s schedule and goals

Client’s age and location

Client’s needs and income

Answer 5

Client’s needs and goals:

is correct because the experience level of a client and the magnitude and time line of their goals will determine how often they require a PT’s expertise.

Recommending the correct amount of sessions is essential to ensure client success and to provide approptriate customer service.

Ensuring the client understands your recommendation is an important part of a PT’s service.

All other options should not dictate or influence the recommendation.

Question 6

While performing an initial consultation with a new client, which of the following is an indication that a client-centered approach is being used?

The PT is speaking very quickly to provide lots of information

The client is making outcome goals

The client is talking about behavior change

The PT is dominating the conversation

The PT is doing most of the talking

Answer 6

The client is talking about behavior change:

is correct because this indicates that motivational interviewing is taking place and the client is speaking about themselves in detail.

Further indicators that a client-centered approach is occurring is that the client is speaking more than the PT who is guiding the client to make realizations and connections not previously considered.

This client-centered approach can aid in obtaining a client and in them reaching their goals.

None of the other answer options can be considered a client-centered approach, therefore they are incorrect.

Question 7

When measuring waist circumference, which 2 body landmarks should the tape be placed between?

Umbilicus and scapula

Umbilicus and lowest rib

Gluteal fold and umbilicus

Gluteal fold and xiphoid process

Umbilicus and xiphoid process

Answer 7

Umbilicus and xiphoid process:

is correct because this will give the most accurate measurement of the waiste circumference.

The smallest circumference in this area is what should be measured.

Waist circumference is an important measurement as large amounts of adipose tissue in this area is associated with many chronic diseases.

The other options are: too low on the body, or not a large enough area to allow a measurement, or too high to allow a measurement or would include the hip.

Question 8

Which of the following foods or drugs does not need to be avoided leading up to a cardiovascular fitness test?

Alcohol

Caffeine

Vitamin C

Nicotine

Beta Blockers

Answer 8

Vitamin C:

is correct because this has no affect on cardiovascular performance.

It is important to standarize pretesting conditions for all clients who undergo these various test for CRF [Cardiorespiratory Fitness].

Standardization can also increase the accuracny of predicton of CRF as well as aid in client safety.

The other answer options: witing 24 hours may improve aerobic performance or affect test results.

Chapter 12

Question 9

Which of the following is the most important assessment before training a new client?

Body composition

Aerobic capacity

Movement quality

Heart rate and blood pressure

Medical clearance

Answer 9

Medical clearance:

is the most important assessment before training a new client.

This must be obtained before beginning a new exercise program in order to rule out risk for a multitude of conditions that can be aggravated by physical activity.

The medical clearance is a way for PTs to provide risk assessments for their clients and determine which other tests and what type of training may be appropriate and protect themselves legally.

The other options are: either not related to client risk assessment or secondary to ensuring health of client.

Chapter 1

Question 10

Which of the following skinfolds involves taking a diagonal fold in order to obtain an accurate reading?

Thigh

Supriliac

Triceps

Abdominal

Medial calf

Answer 10

Suprailiac: (Image below)

is correct because this skinfold follow the natural angle of the iliac crest.

Taking the skinfold with the correct position and angle is essential to taking a reliable and accurate measurement.

These measurements can be used to determine body composition.

Thigh measurement follows the line of the femur

Triceps measurement follows the line of the humerus

Abdominal measurement involves a vertcal line

Medial calf measurement follows the line of the tibia and fibula

Chapter 12

Question 11

The one-repetition squat test can be categorized as what type of assessment?

Posture assessment

Cardiorespiratory fitness test

Muscular endurance test

Performance test

Sub-maximal estimation

Answer 11

Performance test:

is correct because the individual is performing test for muscular strength.

Muscular strength is defined as one-time maximal force that is exerted by a joint of muscle group.

Performance tests are often used by individuals looking to improve athletic performance.

The other options are either more than one rep, are a test for cardiorespiratory fitness or is done in a static position, not during a squat.

Chapter 12

Question 12

What is the BMI for a client who is 2m tall and weighs 100kg?

20

25

50

0. 02
1. 04

Answer 12

25: is correct because:

BMI = weight [kg]/height [m2] = 100/4 = 25

BMI is rough estimate of body composition based on the concept that one’s weight should be proportional to his height.

Elevated BMIs are linked to increased risk of disease, especially if combined with a large waist circumference.

The other options were incorrect because: 50, height wasn’t squared. 20, BMI calculated incorrectly. 0.40, divided by weight instead of opposite. 0.02, divided by weight instead of opposite and height wasn’t squared.

Question 13

Which of the following are the two primary types of vitamins?

Water and fat soluble

Antioxidants and oxidants

Oil and fat soluble

None of these

Water and food soluble

Answer 13

Water and fat soluble:

is correct because vitamins are broken down into two categories based on the solution that must be present for digestion and absorption.

Water soluble vitamins are typically associated with fruits while fat soluble vitamins are typically assciated with fats and oils.

The other options are incorrect because, they’re either not fat fat soluble or only fat soluble or because vitamins are not categorized as antioxidants.

Question 14

What is the appropriate range of repetitions for a beginner adult client looking to improve muscular fitness?

15+

4 to 6

1 to 2

6 to 8

8 to 12

Answer 14

8 to 12:

is correct because this rep range encourages motor learning of the exercise while giving enough stimulus to increase strength and possibly muscle size.

Adult clients who are just beginning a strength training program to improve overall fitness are encouraged to use 8 to 12 reps for the first few months.

None of the other options are enough reps to encourage motor learning, enough chances to learn the exercise and not enough to stimulate muscle development.

Chapter 14

Question 15

Which principle of resistance training is imperative to overtraining prevention and ensuring continued improvement?

Specificity training

Periodization

Prioritization

SAID principle

Progressive overload

Answer 15

Periodization:

is correct because this variation of training variables is a means of optimizing desired physiological outcomes while concurrently reducing the incidence of overtraining.

Periodization allows for optimal training and recovery time in a resistance training program.

Specificity: only the muscle being trained will adapt.

Here’s why the othe options are incorrect:

Progressive overload: relates to continuously increasing the training stimulus for continual adaptation.

Prioritization: addresses the separation of training goals.

SAID: indicates the the adaptation will be dependent on the applied stress.

Chapter 14

Question 16

Which population would benefit most by including neuromotor exercise?

Those with mobility impairments

Individuals whose jobs involve the risk of falls

The elderly

All of these

Athletes

Answer 16

All of these:

is correct because these populations would benefit from training their balance, coordination, agility and proprioception.

Neuromotor-enhancing activities focus the communication between feedback from the periphery and the interpretation by the central nervous system.

As with any training, providing a challenge, or overload will allow for improvements.

Individually the other options are an incorrect answer. Because “All of these” is the correct response.

Chapter 13

Question 17

When should flexibility training occur for a client whose goal is to improve strength and power?

After main lift

Before the trainng session

After plyometric exercises

After training session

During training session

Answer 17

After training session:

is correct because performing flexibility exercises may acutely reduce power and strength.

The timing of the different types of training is important to ensure that the benefit of each is realized.

Flexibility training could also be performed as a seperate session.

The other responses are incorrect because stretching then would reduce strength and power.

Chapter 16

Question 18

During the dumbbell chest press, the client is unable to lower the dumbbells to the chest no matter which form of resistance is used. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this technique flaw?

Tight pectoral muscles

Weak triceps

Tight lat muscles

Weak lat muscles

Tight lower back muscles

Answer 18

Tight pectoral muscles:

is correct because this is the prime mover of the exercise and the inability to move the muscles through the full ROM may be either a mobility or flexibility problem or a stability or strength issue.

If a client is unable to move through the exercise with even light weights, it is most likely an issue with flexibility or mobility.

Other options:

Tight lats and weak triceps, more likely to result in inability to fully extend arms above the chest

Weak lats, plays stabilizing role, so lowering the weight would result in ability to perform exercise correctly.

Tight lower back, not involved in this exercise.

Chapter 14

Question 19

The amount of available motion that occurs at a specific joint is known as which of the following?

Flexibility

Flexible joints

Range of muscles

Range of change

Range of motion

Answer 19

Range of motion:

is correct because this is an assessment of how much movement one is capable of in a given joint.

A client with low ROM in major joints such as the shoulders or knees would need special flexibility and anaerobic training programs in order to be successful.

ROM can be assessed with multiple tests such as the sit and reach or gonimeter tests.

Other options are incorrect because they’re either: elasticity of muscle and does not include the joint structure, is a description, not a measurement, is a movement around a joint not entirely dependent on the muscle.

Question 20

During the downward phase of which machine based exercise is the bar pulled down and toward the upper chest while the torso is maintained in a slight backward lean?

Chin-up

Seated row

None of these

Machine chest press

Lat pull-down

Answer 20

Lat pull-down:

is correct because these cues are essential to the correct completion of the downward phase of this exercise.

In the upward movement phase, the athlete completes this exercise by allowing the elbows to slowly return to the starting position while keeping the torso in the same position.

Other options either, not a machine exercise or pushes handles away from the chest or bar is not pulled toward the upper chest.

Chapter 14

Question 21

When progressing a cardiorespiratory exercise which variable should be increased last?

Frequency

Repetition

Intensity

Duration

None of these

Answer 21

Frequency:

is correct because this dramatically increases the weekly overall training volume.

Frequency should only be increased after duration and intensity are heightened.

Frequency is the number of training sessions per week.

Other options either:

Duration: this variable progressed first.

Intensity: progressed before frequency

Repetition: is not an endurance variable

Chapter 15

Question 22

With a goal of weight gain, how many additional calories should be consumed per day?

1,000

500 to 700

300 to 400

400 to 800

100 to 200

Answer 22

300 to 400:

is correct because this is a safe and reasonable amount that will still achieve desired results.

This, of course, goes in conjuction with the proper training regiment.

300 t0 400 is the current ACSM recommendation.

The other options are either not enough or too much.

Chapter 6

Question 23

What type of exercise would not be recommended for any adult with a regular exercise program but only average physical fitness?

Skating

Walking

Elliptical machine

Slow dancing

Spinning class

Answer 23

Skating:

is correct because this activity requires an aquired skill.

When selecting activities a PT must not only consider the accessibility and enjoyment of the activity but the physical capability and skill to perform it as well.

The ACSM classifies endurance activities into four groups based on fitness and skill levels.

Any adult with average physical fitness should or will be able to perform the other options offered in this question.

Chapter 15

Question 24

Which of the following systems include the nose, trachea and lungs?

Respiratory system

Cardiovascular system

Muscular system

Nervous system

Endocrine system

Answer 24

Respiratory system: (image below)

is correct because these structures serve to filter inhaled air and transition it effectively into lungs.

At the lungs the inhaled air will exchanges gases with the blood stream.

The respiratory system includes the nose, trachea, lungs, pharynx, larynx, bronchial tree and the nasal cavity.

The other options:

Cardiovascular system: includes heart and blood vessels

Muscular system: includes muscles and connective tissues of the body.

Endocrine system: includes the endocrine glands

Nervous system: includes the brain, spinal cord and the peripheral nerves.

Chapter 5

Question 25

At what place in the body is the concentration of oxygen in the blood the highest?

Aorta

Left ventricle

Pulmonary

Superior vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Answer 25

Pulmonary vein:

is correct. Concentrations of blood oxygen are highest immediately after contact with the lungs, where gas exchange can occur to remove carbon dioxide and oxygenate the blood.

The blood vessel that returns the blood to the heart from the lungs is the pulmonary vein. Vein means return to the heart.

The pulmonary artery is carrying blood from the heart to the lungs and is where the concentration of oxygen is the lowest.

The aorta: blood is pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta to distribute to the rest of the body. Though lots of oxygen is still in the blood at this point, some has been used to fuel the muscle contractions of the heart.

The superior vena: This blood vessel is carrying blood that has been stripped of much of its oxygen from the cells of the upper extremity of the body.

The left ventricle: The largest chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, though the blood’s concentration of oxygen was used to fuel the contractions of the heart.

Chapter 5