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French Revolution to WWI > 4. The Unification of Italy & Germany (1848-1871) > Flashcards

4. The Unification of Italy & Germany (1848-1871) Flashcards

1
Q

What year did the revolutions in Italy and Germany begin?

A

1848

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2
Q

Which Italian state was the first to declare independence from Austrian rule?

A

Piedmont-Sardinia

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3
Q

True or False: The Frankfurt Assembly was successful in unifying Germany.

A

False

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4
Q

Who was the key figure in the unification of Italy known as the ‘Sword’?

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The Treaty of _______ in 1866 resulted in Austria losing influence in Italy.

A

Prague

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6
Q

Which kingdom played a leading role in the unification of Italy?

A

Piedmont-Sardinia

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7
Q

What was the primary goal of the 1848 revolutions in Europe?

A

National unification and liberal reforms

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8
Q

Who was the Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia during the unification of Italy?

A

Count Camillo di Cavour

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9
Q

In what year was the Kingdom of Italy officially proclaimed?

A

1861

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10
Q

True or False: Otto von Bismarck was a supporter of liberal democracy.

A

False

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11
Q

What event in 1870 helped to unify Germany under Prussian leadership?

A

Franco-Prussian War

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12
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Sadowa?

A

It was a decisive victory for Prussia over Austria, leading to German unification.

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13
Q

Which Italian territory was annexed by Italy in 1866?

A

Venetia

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ Wars were a series of conflicts that contributed to the unification of Germany.

A

Wars of German Unification

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15
Q

What ideology did Bismarck use to justify his policies?

A

Realpolitik

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16
Q

Which city became the capital of the newly unified Germany in 1871?

A

Berlin

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17
Q

Who led the Red Shirts during the Italian unification?

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

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18
Q

True or False: The Papal States were the last to join the Kingdom of Italy.

A

True

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19
Q

What was the main effect of the 1866 Austro-Prussian War on German unification?

A

It excluded Austria from German affairs.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ of 1871 marked the formal unification of Germany.

A

German Empire

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21
Q

What was the role of nationalism in the unification of Italy and Germany?

A

It inspired movements for national unity and independence.

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22
Q

Which major European power opposed the unification of Germany?

A

France

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23
Q

What was the outcome of the Congress of Vienna regarding Italy?

A

Italy remained fragmented into various states.

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24
Q

What term describes the political and strategic maneuvering by Bismarck to unify Germany?

A

Diplomatic isolation

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25
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a failed attempt to create a unified German state in 1848.
Frankfurt Assembly
26
Who was the first Kaiser of the German Empire?
Wilhelm I
27
What role did the Crimean War play in Italian unification?
It weakened Austria's position in Italy.
28
True or False: The Risorgimento was a movement for Italian unification.
True
29
What was the outcome of the 1860 expedition led by Garibaldi?
He conquered Sicily and Naples, contributing to Italian unification.
30
Fill in the blank: The _______ was the last major barrier to Italian unification.
Papal States
31
What was the primary goal of the Zollverein?
To create a customs union among German states.
32
Who was the Austrian Chancellor opposed to Bismarck's ambitions?
Felix von Schwarzenberg
33
What was the main reason for the Franco-Prussian War?
To unify Germany under Prussian leadership.
34
True or False: Cavour sought to ally with France against Austria.
True
35
What important document was issued in 1871 to declare the German Empire?
The proclamation at the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles
36
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a series of conflicts that Bismarck instigated to unify Germany.
Three Wars
37
What was the significance of the Battle of Königgrätz?
It established Prussia as the dominant power in Germany.
38
Who was known as the 'Brain' of Italian unification?
Count Camillo di Cavour
39
Fill in the blank: The unification of Italy was completed in _______.
1870
40
What was the primary motivation behind Bismarck's foreign policy?
To isolate France and unify Germany.
41
True or False: The Italian unification process was peaceful and without conflict.
False
42
What role did popular uprisings play in the unification of Italy?
They pressured leaders to pursue unification.
43
Fill in the blank: The _______ was the political movement that aimed for Italian unity.
Risorgimento
44
What was Bismarck's approach to dealing with Austria?
He sought to exclude Austria from German affairs.
45
Who was the French leader during the Franco-Prussian War?
Emperor Napoleon III
46
What was the role of the Catholic Church in the unification of Italy?
It opposed the unification efforts, especially concerning the Papal States.
47
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a political alliance formed to oppose Austria.
League of the Three Emperors
48
What was the impact of the unification of Italy and Germany on European politics?
It shifted the balance of power in Europe.
49
True or False: The unification of Germany was achieved through a series of wars.
True
50
What was the significance of the Treaty of Frankfurt?
It ended the Franco-Prussian War and solidified German unification.
51
Fill in the blank: The _______ was the last Italian territory to be annexed.
Papal States
52
What was the main outcome of the 1861 Italian unification?
The establishment of the Kingdom of Italy.
53
Who were the main leaders of the Italian unification movement?
Cavour, Garibaldi, and Victor Emmanuel II
54
What was the major economic factor that facilitated German unification?
The Zollverein (customs union)
55
Fill in the blank: Bismarck's diplomacy was characterized by _______.
Pragmatism
56
True or False: The unification of Italy was completed before the unification of Germany.
False
57
What was the primary challenge faced by the Frankfurt Assembly?
Lack of support from the German states and the king of Prussia.
58
Who was the monarch of the newly unified Italy?
Victor Emmanuel II
59
What was the primary cause of the 1848 revolutions in Europe?
Demand for national self-determination and liberal reforms.
60
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a series of political and military actions that led to German unification.
Unification Wars
61
What was the role of the Austro-Prussian War in the unification of Germany?
It weakened Austrian influence and allowed Prussia to lead German unification.
62
Who was the Prussian military leader during the Franco-Prussian War?
Helmuth von Moltke
63
Fill in the blank: The _______ was the political entity that emerged following the unification of Germany.
German Empire
64
What was the first step towards Italian unification taken by Cavour?
Forming an alliance with France against Austria.
65
True or False: The Italian unification was achieved without any foreign intervention.
False
66
What year did the Franco-Prussian War take place?
1870-1871
67
What was the significance of the Berlin Conference related to German unification?
It established Germany as a major power in Europe.
68
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a military conflict that solidified German unity.
Franco-Prussian War
69
What was the outcome of the Battle of Sedan?
A decisive victory for Prussia, leading to the capture of Napoleon III.
70
Who was known as the 'Father of Italian Unification'?
Count Camillo di Cavour
71
Fill in the blank: The unification of Germany was primarily led by _______.
Prussia
72
What role did nationalism play in 19th-century Europe?
It fueled movements for national independence and unification.
73
True or False: The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861.
True
74
What was the significance of the Italian Wars of Independence?
They were crucial to the process of unifying Italy.
75
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a secret society that promoted Italian unification.
Carbonari
76
What was the primary aim of the Young Italy movement?
To promote Italian nationalism and unification.
77
Who was the influential Italian nationalist who founded the newspaper 'Il Risorgimento'?
Giuseppe Mazzini
78
What was the role of the German Confederation in the unification process?
It was a loose association of German states that hindered unification.
79
Fill in the blank: The _______ was the last major territory to join the German Empire.
Alsace-Lorraine

French Revolution to WWI (9 decks)

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