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French Revolution to WWI > 4. The Unification of Italy & Germany (1848-1871) > Flashcards

4. The Unification of Italy & Germany (1848-1871) Flashcards

1
Q

What year did the revolutions in Italy and Germany begin?

A

1848

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2
Q

Which Italian state was the first to declare independence from Austrian rule?

A

Piedmont-Sardinia

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3
Q

True or False: The Frankfurt Assembly was successful in unifying Germany.

A

False

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4
Q

Who was the key figure in the unification of Italy known as the ‘Sword’?

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The Treaty of _______ in 1866 resulted in Austria losing influence in Italy.

A

Prague

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6
Q

Which kingdom played a leading role in the unification of Italy?

A

Piedmont-Sardinia

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7
Q

What was the primary goal of the 1848 revolutions in Europe?

A

National unification and liberal reforms

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8
Q

Who was the Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia during the unification of Italy?

A

Count Camillo di Cavour

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9
Q

In what year was the Kingdom of Italy officially proclaimed?

A

1861

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10
Q

True or False: Otto von Bismarck was a supporter of liberal democracy.

A

False

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11
Q

What event in 1870 helped to unify Germany under Prussian leadership?

A

Franco-Prussian War

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12
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Sadowa?

A

It was a decisive victory for Prussia over Austria, leading to German unification.

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13
Q

Which Italian territory was annexed by Italy in 1866?

A

Venetia

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ Wars were a series of conflicts that contributed to the unification of Germany.

A

Wars of German Unification

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15
Q

What ideology did Bismarck use to justify his policies?

A

Realpolitik

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16
Q

Which city became the capital of the newly unified Germany in 1871?

A

Berlin

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17
Q

Who led the Red Shirts during the Italian unification?

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

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18
Q

True or False: The Papal States were the last to join the Kingdom of Italy.

A

True

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19
Q

What was the main effect of the 1866 Austro-Prussian War on German unification?

A

It excluded Austria from German affairs.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ of 1871 marked the formal unification of Germany.

A

German Empire

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21
Q

What was the role of nationalism in the unification of Italy and Germany?

A

It inspired movements for national unity and independence.

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22
Q

Which major European power opposed the unification of Germany?

A

France

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23
Q

What was the outcome of the Congress of Vienna regarding Italy?

A

Italy remained fragmented into various states.

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24
Q

What term describes the political and strategic maneuvering by Bismarck to unify Germany?

A

Diplomatic isolation

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was a failed attempt to create a unified German state in 1848.

A

Frankfurt Assembly

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26
Q

Who was the first Kaiser of the German Empire?

A

Wilhelm I

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27
Q

What role did the Crimean War play in Italian unification?

A

It weakened Austria’s position in Italy.

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28
Q

True or False: The Risorgimento was a movement for Italian unification.

A

True

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29
Q

What was the outcome of the 1860 expedition led by Garibaldi?

A

He conquered Sicily and Naples, contributing to Italian unification.

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was the last major barrier to Italian unification.

A

Papal States

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31
Q

What was the primary goal of the Zollverein?

A

To create a customs union among German states.

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32
Q

Who was the Austrian Chancellor opposed to Bismarck’s ambitions?

A

Felix von Schwarzenberg

33
Q

What was the main reason for the Franco-Prussian War?

A

To unify Germany under Prussian leadership.

34
Q

True or False: Cavour sought to ally with France against Austria.

A

True

35
Q

What important document was issued in 1871 to declare the German Empire?

A

The proclamation at the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was a series of conflicts that Bismarck instigated to unify Germany.

A

Three Wars

37
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Königgrätz?

A

It established Prussia as the dominant power in Germany.

38
Q

Who was known as the ‘Brain’ of Italian unification?

A

Count Camillo di Cavour

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The unification of Italy was completed in _______.

A

1870

40
Q

What was the primary motivation behind Bismarck’s foreign policy?

A

To isolate France and unify Germany.

41
Q

True or False: The Italian unification process was peaceful and without conflict.

A

False

42
Q

What role did popular uprisings play in the unification of Italy?

A

They pressured leaders to pursue unification.

43
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was the political movement that aimed for Italian unity.

A

Risorgimento

44
Q

What was Bismarck’s approach to dealing with Austria?

A

He sought to exclude Austria from German affairs.

45
Q

Who was the French leader during the Franco-Prussian War?

A

Emperor Napoleon III

46
Q

What was the role of the Catholic Church in the unification of Italy?

A

It opposed the unification efforts, especially concerning the Papal States.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was a political alliance formed to oppose Austria.

A

League of the Three Emperors

48
Q

What was the impact of the unification of Italy and Germany on European politics?

A

It shifted the balance of power in Europe.

49
Q

True or False: The unification of Germany was achieved through a series of wars.

A

True

50
Q

What was the significance of the Treaty of Frankfurt?

A

It ended the Franco-Prussian War and solidified German unification.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was the last Italian territory to be annexed.

A

Papal States

52
Q

What was the main outcome of the 1861 Italian unification?

A

The establishment of the Kingdom of Italy.

53
Q

Who were the main leaders of the Italian unification movement?

A

Cavour, Garibaldi, and Victor Emmanuel II

54
Q

What was the major economic factor that facilitated German unification?

A

The Zollverein (customs union)

55
Q

Fill in the blank: Bismarck’s diplomacy was characterized by _______.

A

Pragmatism

56
Q

True or False: The unification of Italy was completed before the unification of Germany.

A

False

57
Q

What was the primary challenge faced by the Frankfurt Assembly?

A

Lack of support from the German states and the king of Prussia.

58
Q

Who was the monarch of the newly unified Italy?

A

Victor Emmanuel II

59
Q

What was the primary cause of the 1848 revolutions in Europe?

A

Demand for national self-determination and liberal reforms.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was a series of political and military actions that led to German unification.

A

Unification Wars

61
Q

What was the role of the Austro-Prussian War in the unification of Germany?

A

It weakened Austrian influence and allowed Prussia to lead German unification.

62
Q

Who was the Prussian military leader during the Franco-Prussian War?

A

Helmuth von Moltke

63
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was the political entity that emerged following the unification of Germany.

A

German Empire

64
Q

What was the first step towards Italian unification taken by Cavour?

A

Forming an alliance with France against Austria.

65
Q

True or False: The Italian unification was achieved without any foreign intervention.

A

False

66
Q

What year did the Franco-Prussian War take place?

A

1870-1871

67
Q

What was the significance of the Berlin Conference related to German unification?

A

It established Germany as a major power in Europe.

68
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was a military conflict that solidified German unity.

A

Franco-Prussian War

69
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Sedan?

A

A decisive victory for Prussia, leading to the capture of Napoleon III.

70
Q

Who was known as the ‘Father of Italian Unification’?

A

Count Camillo di Cavour

71
Q

Fill in the blank: The unification of Germany was primarily led by _______.

A

Prussia

72
Q

What role did nationalism play in 19th-century Europe?

A

It fueled movements for national independence and unification.

73
Q

True or False: The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861.

A

True

74
Q

What was the significance of the Italian Wars of Independence?

A

They were crucial to the process of unifying Italy.

75
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was a secret society that promoted Italian unification.

A

Carbonari

76
Q

What was the primary aim of the Young Italy movement?

A

To promote Italian nationalism and unification.

77
Q

Who was the influential Italian nationalist who founded the newspaper ‘Il Risorgimento’?

A

Giuseppe Mazzini

78
Q

What was the role of the German Confederation in the unification process?

A

It was a loose association of German states that hindered unification.

79
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was the last major territory to join the German Empire.

A

Alsace-Lorraine

French Revolution to WWI (9 decks)

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