4. Thailand and Kerala Flashcards
How has Thailand’s growth rate declined between 1974 and 2021?
Thailand’s growth rate has declined significantly between 1974-2021:
1974 = growth rate at 3.3%
2012 = 0.5%
2021 = 0.18%
How has Thailand’s fertility rate declined between 1974 and 2021?
Thailand’s fertility rate has declined significantly between 1974-2021:
1974 = fertility rate at 7
2012 = 1.6
2021 = 1.5
How has Thailand’s contraception use increased between 1974 and 2021?
Thailand’s contraception use has increased significantly between 1974-2012:
1974 = ~16% of the population uses contraception
2012 = ~80%
(2021) = ~80%
How has Thailand’s total population changed between 1974-2021?
Population change:
1974 = 26.4 million
2012 = 69.9 million
2021= 69.8 million
How has Thailand’s GDP per capita changed between 1974-2021?
Thailand’s GDP per capita has increased significantly since 1974, however this increase has not always been constant:
1974 = Thailand’s GDP per capita was just $110 USD
2012 = $8,140
2021 = $7,070
How did Thailand achieve such a change in fertility rate overall?
- Availability of contraception
- Education on family planning and erosion of social stigma
- Restrictions on microcredit loans against pregnant women
- Response to HIV outbreak in 1990s
How did Thailand increase the availability of contraception to decrease fertility rate?
Contraception was made widely available; in shops, hotels, taxis, even from policemen.
Contraception was even made available in rural areas untouched by previous schemes.
How did Thailand increase education on family planning, and break the stigma over contraception?
- Family planning education made widely available; in busnesses, universities, high schools and even primary schools
- Monks publicly blessed condoms / contraceptives to show that they were safe to use
How did Thailand use microcredit loans to decrease the fertility rate?
Microcredit loans discouraged pregnancy by only allowing loans to those not pregnant
How did Thailand promote reduced fertility rates during the 1990s HIV crisis?
During the major outbreak of HIV in the 1990s, family planning and contraception were promoted as necessary to protect loved ones from transmitting or recieving HIV.
Where is Kerala?
Kerala is a state in the southwest of India.
How do Kerala’s birth rate and population growth differ from the rest of India?
- Despite being one of India’s most densely populated states, its population growth of 9.8% per decade is less than half of India’s average (21.3% per decade)
- Kerala has one of India’s lowest birth rates.
How are rates of education for women higher in Kerala than India on average?
- On average,only 50% of women in India are literate. In Kerala, this is 85%.
- This is facilitiated by adult literacy classes in towns and villages in Kerala, provided by the government.
How does education of women in Kerala reduce the birth rate?
- Better educated women are more able to keep their children healthy, decreasing infant mortality and birth rates.
- Improved education also facilitates greater understanding of the benefits of smaller families.
- It also allows women to aspire to other ambitions such as a career etc. which reduces birth rate.
How has the status of women increased in Kerala significantly?
How does this affect birth rates overall?
Traditionally, if a woman in India is married, her family must pay a dowry to the bridegroom’s family. However, in Kerala, this has been reversed - the family of the bridegroom must pay the dowry.
This reduces the need for male children over female, resulting in lower birth rates overall
