Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography A Level > 4. Population > Flashcards

4. Population Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

How did the 1st Agricultural Revolution (10000 BCE) affect the human population?

A
  • Wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement.
  • This made large populations possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What were the advantages of the 1st Agricultural Revolution?

A
  • Produce food in greater quantities
  • Increase the carrying capacity of the land
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were the disadvantages of the 1st Agricultural Revolution?

A
  • Farming methods can lead to environmental degradation
  • Domestication of animals / living in high proximity to animals led to new diseases such as smallpox
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How did the Bubonic Plague from 1346-1353 affect the human population?

A
  • The most fatal pandemic in recorded history
  • Caused 25 million deaths in Europe alone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How did the 2nd Agricultural Revolution between the mid-17th to mid-19th centuries affect the human population?

A

Unprecedented increase in agricultural production starting in Britain as a result of increased labour and land productivity, mechanisation and crop rotation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the human population?

A

Industrialisation of western society further increased food production, as well as subsequent developments such as improved sanitation, energy use, medical discoveries and standardised education.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How did the discovery of penicillin in 1928 affect the human population?

A

In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, leading to the invention of antibiotics, which save millions of lives each year and has extended the extended the average human lifespan by 23 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How did WW1 and WW2 affect the human population?

A

The most fatal conflicts in history, with 20 million deaths in WW1 and between 70-85 million deaths in WW2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How did the global population increase between 1960 and 1970?

A

Between 1960 and and 1970, the global population increased by an average 70 million a year - 8000 / hour!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Was population growth between 1960 - 1990 even around the globe?

A

Nope!

  • Population of Mexico increased by 118% between 1960 - 1990, from 38 milion to 83 million people!
  • Meanwhile, the population of the UK only increased by 8%, from 53 to 57 million.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How did COVID-19 affect the human population?

A

15 million deaths from COVID-19 worldwide, however this number is likely an underestimate due to limited testing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is the peak human population expected?

A

The human population is expected to peak at 10.4 billion in 2086, decreasesing afterwards as low fertility rates cause population decline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How have world fertility rates fallen since 1950?

A

On average, fertility rates across the world have fallen from ~5 in 1950 to 2.3 in 2021.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the replacement rate?

A

The replacement rate is the fertility rate at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next.

In HICs, this is a fertility rate of 2.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is Europe’s share of the global population expected to decline between 1950 and 2050?

A

Europe’s share of the global population is currently falling from 22% in 1950 to a projected 7% in 2050

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is Africa’s share of the global population expected to increase between 1950 and 2050?

A

Africa’s share of the global population is expected to rise from only 9% in 2050 to 20% by 1950.

17
Q

How large is the population of Asia expected to be by 2050?

A

By 2050, the population of Asia is expected to equal 5 billion people (equal to the global population in 1990!)

18
Q

Why are population predictions so varied?

A
  • Difficulty collecting data in places such as slum settlements (Makoko, Lagos)
  • Unforseen circumstances affect population e.g. disease, conflict, natural disasters, recession
  • Specific migration patterns can affect population
  • Difficulties in choosing variant of forecast - fertility rates changing and life expectancy not constant
19
Q

Why are fertility rates in HICs so low?

A
  • Medical advances ensure that children survive - less need for large families
  • Children become an economic liability - families become smaller
  • Contraceptives and family planning more readily available
  • Women have greater education and thus greater opportunity to pursue ambitions outside of parenting e.g. a career
20
Q

What are the 6 factors influencing the birth rate?

A

Birth Control and family planning
Illiteracy
Religion
Tying the knot (age of marriage)
Healthcare
Sending kids to work

21
Q

How does Birth Control and family planning infuence the birth rate?

A

Greater, more affordable access to contraceptives, family planning and education on family size allows women to better control and plan the size of their families

22
Q

How does Illiteracy influence the birth rate?

A
  • Low levels of literacy reduce women’s aspirations solely to being a mother.
  • Conversely, high levels of literacy reduce the fertility rate as women choose other aspirations e.g. a career.
23
Q

How does Religion influence the birth rate?

A

Certain religios groups ban the use of contraceptives, abortions and premaritial sex, e.g. Roman Catholics, increasing the fertility rate of these groups.

24
Q

How does “Tying the knot” (age of marriage) influence the birth rate?

A

A younger age of marriage results in a higher fertility rate as women are married for more of their reproductive years.

25
Q

How does “Sending kids to work” influence the birth rate?

A

The fertility rate increases if children are needed for manual labour in agriculture etc. and are therefore an economic asset.

In HICs, a high cost of living makes children an economic liability.

26
Q

What are the 6 factors influencing the death rate?

A

Drinking water
Eating well
Access to immunisations
Tropical diseases
Healthcare
Sanitation

27
Q

How does Drinking water influence the death rate?

A

Poor access to safe and sanitary drinking water leads to outbreaks of water-borne diseases such as cholera - increased mortality rate

28
Q

Give an example of the influence of Drinking water on the death rate:

A
  • 1/10 people around the world don’t have access to clean water.
  • WaterAid has reached 28.1 million people with clean water.
29
Q

How does Eating well influence the death rate?

A
  • Famine and poverty causing starvation increase the mortality rate.
  • Conversely, over-eating, such as in HICs, increases the risk of health issues from obesity
30
Q

Give an example of the influence of Eating well on the death rate:

A

As a result of many crises, Somalia has a percentage undernourishment of 59.5%.

31
Q

How does Access to immunisations influence the death rate?

A

Vaccinations for otherwise deadly diseases e.g. tetanus, polio, MMR, significantly reduces the mortality rate.

32
Q

Give an example of the influence of Access to immunisations on the death rate:

A

In the UK, MMR vaccination programmes eliminated measles in the UK from 2016 to 2019.

33
Q

How do Tropical diseases influence the death rate?

A

In hot climates, diseases such as malaria significantly increase the mortality rate.

34
Q

Give an example of how Tropical diseases influence the death rate:

A

Four African countries - Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania and Mozambique - account for over 1/2 of all malaria deaths.

35
Q

How does Healthcare influence the death rate?

A
  • Treatments for diseases / illneses, or for prolonging life, significantly reduce the mortality rate.
  • Conversely, a high life expectancy can lead to an ageing population, causing an increase in the death rate.
36
Q

Give an example of how Healthcare influences the death rate:

A

Japan has a life expectancy of 84.3, however its ageing population means that more people proportionally are dying.

37
Q

How does Sanitation influence the death rate?

A

Proper sewage treatment, waste disposal and surface cleaning reduce disease transmission.

38
Q

Give an example of how Sanitation influences the death rate:

A

Communal latrines in Makoko, Lagos, are shared between 15 households.

Geography A Level (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions