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MSK > 4 - Principles of Articulation > Flashcards

4 - Principles of Articulation Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint has no movement at the interface?

A

Synarthroses

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2
Q

What type of joint allows slight movement at the interface?

A

Amphiarthroses

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3
Q

What type of joint allows free movement at the interface?

A

Diarthrosis

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4
Q

What are the major categories of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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5
Q

Which joint is created by dense connective tissue with no cavity and very limited movement?

A

Fibrous joints

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6
Q

Name 3 subcategories of fibrous joints

A

Suture
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis

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7
Q

Where are sutures found? What is their purpose?

A

In the skull

The allow the baby to squeeze out the birth canal and then permit bone growth before ossifying in later life.

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8
Q

What does ossification of bone cause?

A

Synostoses

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9
Q

Which type of fibrous joint is exclusively connected by ligaments?

A

Syndesmosis

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10
Q

How do syndesmosis differ from sutures?

A

They have longer fibres connecting the two bones.

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11
Q

How do syndesmosis differ from sutures?

A

They have longer fibres connecting the two bones.

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12
Q

Most syndesmosis joints are synarthrotic (limited movement). Which two are the exception to this?

A

The interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius.

Also between the tibia and fibula.

Both of these have movement that is more amphiarthrotic.

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13
Q

What is the name of the peg & socket joint found exclusively in the mouth?

A

Gomphosis

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14
Q

How do gomphosis’ differ from sutures?

A

They have more connective tissue than is seen in a suture.

They cross a greater distance than sutures.

Connective tissue is in bundles (ligaments)

Slight movement is permitted = amphiarthrosis

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15
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

Joints in which the bones are linked by cartilage.

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16
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses
Symphyses

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17
Q

What type of movement do synchondroses have?

A

They are synarthrotic joints

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18
Q

What type of cartilage is present in synchondroses?

A

Hyaline cartilage covers each bony end

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19
Q

Can you give an example of a synchondroses?

A

The epiphyseal junction in immature long bones

The joint between ribs and sternum

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20
Q

Where are symphyses found?

A

In the midline of the body
- manubrium & sternum junction
- intervertebral discs
- pubic symphysis

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21
Q

What type of cartilage is fond in symphyses?

A

The bones are covered in hyaline cartilage which rises into fibrocartilage

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22
Q

What type of movement is found in symphyses?

A

Amphiarthtrotic joints (slight movement at the interface)

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23
Q

What type of movement is seen in synovial joints?

A

Diarthroses - free movement at the interface

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24
Q

Do the bones touch in a synovial joint?

A

No - they never touch each other.

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25
Q

The joint capsule of the synovial joint consists of two layers - what are they?

A

Inner synovial membrane

Outer fibrous layer - attaches to the periosteum

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26
Q

What surrounds the long bone interfaces in a synovial joints?

A

Hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage)

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27
Q

What does the inner synovial membrane do?

A

It produces synovial fluid

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28
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Shock absorption
Lubrication
Nutrition

29
Q

What are intracapsular ligaments?

A

They are accessory ligaments to the going - which are found within the joint capsule.

30
Q

How are intracapsular ligaments separated from synovial fluid?

A

By folds in the synovial membrane.

31
Q

Give an example of intracapsular ligaments.

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee

32
Q

What are extracapsular ligaments?

A

Accessory ligaments which lie outside the joint capsule.

33
Q

Give an example of extracapsular ligaments.

A

Fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee.

34
Q

What is the function of bursae by joints?

A

They are fluid filled sacs with synovial like membrane - they cushion movement between body parts.

35
Q

What type of synovial joints are there?

A

Hinge
Pivot
Planar/ Gliding
Condyloid/Ellipsoid
Saddle
Ball & socket

36
Q

What is the shape of a hinge joint?

A

One bone has a cylindrical surface which fits into a trough like interface on the other bone.

37
Q

What movement is permitted in a hinge joint?

A

Uni-axial plane movement (e.g. flexion and extension)

38
Q

Give one example of a hinge joint.

A

Elbow

39
Q

Which synovial joint involves the rounded surface of bone articulating with another bone by means of a ligament?

A

Pivot joint

40
Q

What movement is seen in a pivot joint?

A

Uni-axial movement - circular rotation only.

41
Q

What type of ligament is seen in a pivot joint?

A

An annular ligament

42
Q

Give an example of a pivot joint.

A

C1 & C2 - where the dens slots into C1 - a transverse ligament goes around the anterior surface of the dens.

At the head of the radius from the promimal ulna.

43
Q

What type of joint involves a completely flat bone interface, with non-axial and short movement?

A

Planar/gliding joint.

44
Q

Give an example of a planar joint.

A

Intercarpals or intermetatarsal joints

45
Q

Which joint involves a oval shaped bone with a complementary bone with a depression?

A

Condyloid / ellipsoid joint

46
Q

What type of movement is seen in a condyloid joint?

A

Movement in every plane = multi-axial. Inc flexion, extension, abduction, adduction & circumduction.

47
Q

Give an example of a condyloid joint?.

A

Metacarpal pharyngeal joints (knuckles)

48
Q

What joint is the tumb? Which joint is it similar to, and how does it differ?

A

Thumb = saddle joint.

Similar to condyloi, but the concave bone has a corresponding convex bony interface.

49
Q

Which joint has a completely round bone with a cup depression in the corresponding bone interface?

A

Ball and socket joint

50
Q

What type of movement is seen in a ball and socket joint?

A

Multi-axial movement

Is the most freely moveable of the joints.

51
Q

Give an example of a ball and socket joint.

A

Shoulder
Hip

52
Q

What are the three components of the shoulder complex?

A

Acromioclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint

53
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Is a synovial ball and socket joint

54
Q

Where is the glenohumeral joint located?

A

Between the proximal humerus and the scapula (glenoid fossa)

55
Q

Which is the most mobile joint in the body?

A

Glenohumeral joint

56
Q

What deepens the glenoid fossa?

A

Glenoid labrum - a narrow rim of fibrocartilage

57
Q

Which three ligaments stabilise the glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenohumeral
Coracohumeral
Transverse humeral

58
Q
A
59
Q

How many bursae are associated with the glenohumeral joint?

A

4

60
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Technically a synovial gliding joint - BUT - acts like pivot

61
Q

Where is the acromioclavicular joint located?

A

Between the acromion and the clavicle

62
Q

How can you differentiate injury to the acromoclavicular joint from injury to the rotator cuff?

A

The acromoioclavicular will have localised tenderness over the ACJ and the acromion itself.

63
Q

Which ligaments stabilise the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial
Coracoclavicular

64
Q

Which ligaments make up the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

Conoid
Trapezoid ligaments

65
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial saddle joint

66
Q

In the sternoclavicular joint - where does the medial clavicle fit?

A

Into a hollow between the supralateral surface of the manubrium and the medial costal cartilage of the first rib

67
Q

What divides this joint into two synovial cavities?

A

A fibrocartilaginous articular disc

68
Q

Which ligaments reinforce the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Interclavicular
Anterior sternoclavicular
Posterior sternoclavicular

69
Q

What movement is the sternoclavicular joint capable of?

A

Triaxial movement (passive)

MSK (21 decks)

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