2. Introduction to MSK Anatomy Flashcards
Which embryological tissue does the skeleton arise form?
Mesenchyme
What type of mesenchyme does the axial skeleton arise form?
Paraxial mesenchyme
What type of mesenchyme does the appendicular skeleton arise from?
Lateral plate mesenchyme
What embryological tissue does the muscular system develop from?
Mesoderm
On which day of development do somites arise?
Day 20
On which day of development does the mesoderm differentiate into 3 parts (paraxial, intermediate and lateral plate)…?
Day 17
What tissue do somites arise from?
Paraxial mesoderm
What does paraxial mesoderm develop into?
Skeletal muscle
Skeleton
Demis
Connective tissue
Why are somites important?
They differentiate into dermatomes, myotomes and sclerotomes.
What are dermatomes responsible for?
Sensation information
What are the myotomes responsible for?
Muscle innervation
On which day of development do the upper limb buds appear?
Day 24-26
What are the vertebral levels of innervation of the upper limb buds?
C5-8
On which day of development do the lower limb buds appear?
Day 28
What are the vertebral levels of innervation of the lower limb buds?
L3-5
In which week does the hand/foot plates form on the distal buds?
Week 6
In which week do the limbs rotate?
Week 7
What degree of rotation does the (a) upper limb and (b) lower limb undergo in Week 7 and in what direction?
(a). Upper limb = 90 ° lateral
(b). Lower limb = 90 ° medial
What are the compartments of the shoulder?
Supraspinous
Infraspinous
Subscapular
What are the compartments of the arm?
Anterior
Posterior
What are the compartments of the forearm?
Anterior
Posterior
What are the compartments of the hand?
Hypothenar
Thenar
Central
Adductor
Interosseous
Which is the deepest compartment of the hand?
Interosseous
What are the compartments of the gluteal region?
Superficial
Deep
What are the compartments of the thigh?
Anterior
Medial
Posterior
What are the compartments of the leg?
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior superficial
Posterior deep
What are the compartments of the foot?
Medial
Central
Lateral
Interosseous
Dorsal
Which plexus innervates the shoulder?
Cervical plexus
What are the nerve roots of the cervical plexus?
C1-4
Which plexus innervates the upper limb?
Brachial plexus
What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus?
C5-T1 & T2
What nerve roots is the supraclavicular nerve?
C3-4
Which nerve roots form the intercostobrachial nerve?
T2
Which nerve roots form the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm?
C5-8 (radial nerve)
Which nerve roots form the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm?
C5-6 (axillary nerve)
Which nerve roots form the inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm?
C5-6 (radial nerve)
Which nerve roots form the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm?
C5-8 (radial nerve)
Which nerve roots form the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm?
C8-T2 (medial cord)
Which nerve roots form the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm?
C6-7 (musculocutaneous nerve)
Which nerve roots form the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm?
C8-T1 (medial cord)
What are the two plexi of the lower limb?
Lumbar plexus
Sacral plexus
What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus?
L1-5
What are the nerve roots of the sacral plexus?
S1-3
What are the nerve roots of the superior cluneal nerve?
L1-3
What are the nerve roots of the middle cluneal nerve?
S1-3
What are the nerve roots of the femoral br. genitofemoral nerve?
L1-2
What are the nerve roots of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?
L2-3
What are the nerve roots of the anterior cutaneous br.?
L203 (femoral nerve)
What are the nerve roots of the cutaneous br nerve?
L2-4 (obturator nerve)
What are the nerve roots of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the tight and the inferior cluneal nerve?
(S2-3)
What are the nerve roots of the saphenous nerve?
L3-4 (femoral nerve)
What are the nerve roots of the sural nerve?
S1-2 (tibial nerve)
