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MSK > 14. Dissection of the Anterior Forearm and Hand Practical > Flashcards

14. Dissection of the Anterior Forearm and Hand Practical Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Can you find:
The pisiform bone
The trapezium
The flexor pollicis longus tendon
The flexor digitorum profundus tendon

A
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3
Q

Name the structures

A

1 = palmar aponeurosis
X = muscles of thenar eminence
Y = adductor pollicis

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4
Q

Name the structures

A

5 = Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
6 = Flexor digitorum profundus tendons

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5
Q

Name the structures

A

2 = lumbricals (originateattendonsofflexordigitorumprofundusandinsertatthelateral sides of the extensor expansions of 2nd-5thdigits)​
3 = palmar interossei muscles (origin is metacarpals, insertion is the proximal phalanges)​
4 = dorsal interossei muscles (origin is the metacarpals, insertadjacent sides of metacarpals to the bases of proximal phalanges & extensor expansions of digits 2-4)​
Y = adductor pollicis (originbases of metacarpals 2 and 3, insert base of 2/3rdmetacarpals and proximal phalanx of thumb)

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7
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8
Q

Where do the following insert:
flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus

A

FDP - M. flexor digitorum profundus
FDS - M. flexor digitorum superficialis
FPL - M. flexor pollicis longus
FPB - M. flexor pollicis brevis
LL - Mm. lumbricales
FCR - M. flexor carpi radialis
FCU - M. flexor carpi ulnaris

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9
Q

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

Which tendons and which nerve?

A

The carpal tunnel contains the following structures, from superficial to deep:

Four flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
Median nerve (laterally)
Flexor pollicis longus tendon (laterally)
Four flexor digitorum profundus tendons

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10
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11
Q

Where are the flexor muscles?
What bones can be seen?

A
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12
Q

Find the brachial, the radial, the ulnar and common interosseous arteries…

A

Brach A = brachial

RadA = radial
UlnA = ulnar

CommInterossA = common interosseous

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13
Q

Which vein passes superficially over the roof of the cubical fossa and is a bridging vein between the cephalic vein and basilic vein?

A

Median cubital vein

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14
Q

Which side is
(a) cephalic vein
(b) basilic vein
on in the anterior forearm?

A

Cephalic vein = lateral
Basilic vein = medial

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

Medially = pronator teres

Laterally = brachioradialis

Superiorly = imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus

Floor = brachial and supinator

Roof = bicipital aponeurosis and antebrachial fascia

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16
Q

What is the content of the cubital fossa?

Where are they found within?

A

Biceps brachii tendon

Brachial artery - found medial to biceps brachii tendon

Median nerve - found medial to the brachial artery

TAN

Venae comitantes - veins which accompany the brachial artery (aka brachial veins)

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17
Q

Which compartment does the brachioradialis muscle lie within and why do you think it belongs there?

A
  1. Brachioradialis – lies in extensor compartment, embryological origin
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18
Q

What is the action of brachioradialis?

A

Flexion of forearm at elbow joint in mid-pronation

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19
Q

What is the innervation of brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

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20
Q

What accompanies the radial nerve in the arm?

A

Radial artery

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21
Q

What does the radial artery bifurcate into?

Where do the branches go?

A

Superficial and deep branches.

Superficial - continues distally underneath brachioradialis muscle.

Deep - pierces supinator muscle to pass to the posterior compartment of the forearm.

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22
Q

What does the deep radial artery become in the posterior compartment?

A

The posterior interosseous nerve

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23
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25
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27
Q

What do the basilic and cephalic veins arise from?

A

The dorsal venous arch

28
Q

What muscle is immediately lateral to the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (ECRL)

29
Q

What is lateral and more superficial to the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

30
Q

What muscles arise from the common extensor tendon?

A

ECRB
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digit minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

31
Q

What is the origin of there common extensor tendon?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the elbow

32
Q
A
33
Q

Why does the extensor digitorum muscle give off?

A

4 tendons which attach to the digits (not thumb) and assists in extension of the fingers.

34
Q

Which is the most medial muscle of the posterior compartment?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

35
Q

What does the posterior interossous nerve arise from, and what does it travel with?

A

Arises from the deep radial nerve.

Travels with the posterior interosseous artery

36
Q

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Medial - Extensor Pollicis Longus tendon

Laterally (radial aspect) - Extensor Pollicis Brevis & Abductor Pollicis Longus tendons

37
Q

What important structures lie in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial artery, superficial branch of radial nerve, cephalic
vein

38
Q

Which of the forearm muscles are not present in 100% of the population?

A

Palmaris longus

39
Q

What does the radial artery lie lateral to in the forearm?

A

The flexor carpi radialis

40
Q

Which two tendons are used as landmarks when palpating the radial arterial pulse?

A

Flexor carpi radialis and brachioradialis

41
Q

What does lies medial to palmaris longus at the wrist?

A

Median nerve

42
Q

Which is the only muscle of the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

43
Q

What is the purpose of the tendinous arch of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Allows the ulnar artery and median nerve to pass deep to it.

44
Q

What lies between the median nerve and the ulnar artery at the wrist?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

45
Q

What does the ulnar nerve branch into?

A

The common interossoeous artery (which further divides into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries)

46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q

Why is the anatomical snuffbox clinically relevant?

A

Carpal fracture (scaphoid) may
result in vascular injury and can lead to avascular necrosis of the carpal bones

50
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interosseous muscles?

A

Abduction of the digits

51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q

The middle layer of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm contain a single muscle - which one is it?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

54
Q

The cubital fossa is bound by which muscle on the lateral border?

A

Brachioradialis

55
Q

Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel and when compressed results in symptoms distributed over the hand?

A

Median nerve

56
Q

Which muscle acts on the thumb and is not innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve?

A

Adductor pollicis

57
Q

Which nerve lies in the cubital fossa and may be damaged during venipuncture if the needle is inserted in the wrong location?

A

Median nerve

58
Q

The common flexor origin is located on the medial epicondyle of the humerus? True or False.

A

Yes

59
Q

The ulnar nerve passes posteriorly to the lateral humeral epicondyle at the elbow joint. True or False?

A

False

60
Q

The palmaris longus is not always present in each individual, but it is normally located in the superficial muscle layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm. True or False?

A

True

61
Q

The roof of the carpal tunnel is formed by the extensor retinaculum. True or False?

A

False - the roof of the carpal tunnel is formed by the flexor retinaculum.

62
Q

The lumbricals act to flex the digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints whilst maintaining extension in the interphalangeal joints. True or False?

A

True

MSK (21 decks)

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