Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > 18. Anatomy of the Leg and Foot > Flashcards

18. Anatomy of the Leg and Foot Flashcards

1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main joints of the leg?

A

Superior tibiofibular
Inferior Tibiofibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What supports the superior tibiofibular joint?

A

Ligament of fibular head - has anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of joint is the superior tibiofibular?
What type of movement is permitted?

A

Synovial plane joint

Limited gliding movement allowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint?

A

Fibrous syndesmosis - limited movement allowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What supports the inferior tibiofibular joint in place?

A

Tibiofibular ligaments (anterior and posterior)
Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament
Interosseous tibiofibular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a syndesmosis?

A

A fibrous joint where the bones are bound together by ligaments or membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which has more movement? The superior or inferior tibiofibular joint?

A

Superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of the ankle joint?

A

The talocrural joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

A

Synovial hinge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What terms means that the toes point (a) up and (b) down?

A

(a). Dorsiflexion
(b). Plantarflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What ligaments support the talocrural joint?

A

Lateral ligaments of ankle (Anterior and posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular)
Medial ligaments of ankle (anterior and posteior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal & tibionavicular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of joint is found betwen the tarsals?

A

Synovial joints
- Subtalar (i.e. talus & calcaneous) = Plane
- Transverse tarsal (calcaneocuboid, talonavicular) = Saddle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the joint between the tarsals and metatarsals?

A

Tarsometatarsal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of joint is the tarsometatarsal joint?

A

Synovial plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is another name for the tarsometatarsal joints?

A

Lisfranc joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the name of the joint between the metatarsals and phalanges?

What type of joint is this?

A

Metatarsophalangeal joint

Synovial ellipsoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the name of the joint between the phalanges?

What type of joint is this?

A

Interphalangeal joint

Synovial hinge uniaxial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the talus sit within in the foot?

A

The malleolar mortice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What type of muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Fibularis Tertius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

All - dorsiflex the foot

EDL & EHL - extend digits
TA - inverts foot at subtalar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the innervation to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)

Cutaneous = saphenous and lateral sural nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does fibularis tertius contribute to in terms of movement?

A

Eversion of the foot as well as dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Evertors of the foot at the subtalar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which two muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which retinaculum are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Superior Extensor Retinaculum
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is another name for fibularis longus & brevis?

A

Peroneus longus & brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the blodo supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibular artery perforating branches

Does not have its own artery - instead uses perforating branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the innervation to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)

Cutaneous - lateral sural and sural nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which artery does the fibular artery arise from?

A

The posterior tibial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What separates the lateral comparment from other compartments?

A

Intermuscular septa (anterior and posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which retinaculum is found in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

The fibular retinacula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which nerve supplies the web space between the big toe and the second toe?

A

Deep fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis longus?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus?

A

Eversion of foot
Plantarflexion of foot
Supports the arches of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis brevis?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the function of fibularis brevis?

A

Eversion of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the posterior compartment of the leg divided into?

A

Superficial and Deep compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Which muscles are found in the superior compartment of the posterior leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Which muscles are found in the deep compartment of the posterior leg?

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posteior
Popliteus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What separates the posterior compartment of the leg from other compartments?

A

Transverse intermuscular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What reticulum is found in the posterior compartment of the leg?

What passes underneath it?

A

Flexor retinaculum

Tarsal tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the main function of the posterior compartment leg muscles?

A

Plantarflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Which muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg are responsible for flexion of the digits?

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Which muscle of the posterior compartment of the leg is also responsible for inversion of the foot at the subtalar joint?

A

Tibialis Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is another name for the subtalar joint?

A

Talocalcaneal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What gives blood supply to the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What gives blood supply to the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Fibular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Which nerves provides innervation to both the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

Sural & saphenous nerves - cutaneous supply

60
Q

What percentage of the population do not have a plantaris muscle?

61
Q

Which three muscles insert on the calcaneus to form the achilles tendon?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

62
Q

Which muscles of the posterior leg compartment crosses the knee and can help to flex the knee joint?

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris

63
Q

Which muscle of the posterior leg makes up the floor of the popliteal fossa?

64
Q

What separates the superficial and deep compartments of the posterior leg?

A

Transverse intermuscular septum

65
Q

What is the main function of the popliteus muscle?

A

Unlocks the knee & stabilises the knee joint

67
Q

What is the innervation of Gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

68
Q

What is the function of gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexion of the foot
Flexion of the knee

69
Q

What is the innervation of plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve

70
Q

What is the function of plantaris?

A

Plantarflexion of the foot
Flexion of the knee

71
Q

What is the innervation of soleus?

A

Tibial nerve

72
Q

What is the action of soleus?

A

Plantarflexion of the foot

73
Q

What is the innervation to popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve

74
Q

What is the action of the popliteus muscle?

A

Unlocks the knee joint (laterally rotates femur on a fixed tibia)

Stabilises the knee joint (resists lateral rotation of tibia on femur)

75
Q

What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus and brevis?

A

Tibial nerve

76
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flexes the great toe

77
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flexes the lateral four toes

78
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve

79
Q

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

A

Inversion and plantarflexion of the foot

Supports the medial arch of the foot during walking

80
Q

Which two muscles are found in the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis

81
Q

Which two muscles are found in the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis

82
Q

What is the innervation of muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep fibular nerve

83
Q

What is the innervation of muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep fibular nerve

84
Q

What is the cutaneous nerve supply to the dorsum of the foot?

A

Mostly superficial fibular - 2nd to 4th webspaces
1st webspace = deep fibular

85
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

Femoral vein

86
Q

What does the small saphenous vein arise from?

A

The lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch

87
Q

What does the great saphenous vein arise from?

88
Q

Which arteries arise from the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

Arcuate artery
Lateral tarsal artery
Deep plantar artery

90
Q

Where is the great saphenous vein found in relation to the medial malleolus?

91
Q

Where is the small saphenous vein found in relation to the medial malleolus?

93
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum brevis?

A

Extension of toes 2-4

94
Q

What is the action of extensor hallucis brevis?

A

Extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe

95
Q

What forms the most superficial layer of the plantar foot?

A

Plantar fascia and thickened plantar aponeurosis

96
Q

How is the plantar foot subdivided?

A

Into four muscle layers

97
Q

How is innervation of the plantar foot divided?

A

Into superficial (1st and 2nd layers) and deep (3rd and 4th) sections

98
Q

Which illness is important clinically that involves the plantar foot?

A

Plantar fasciitis

99
Q

Which muscles are found in the first layer of the plantar foot?

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

100
Q

What is the blood supply to abductor hallucis?

A

Medial plantar artery

101
Q

What is the blood supply to flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral plantar artery

102
Q

Which muscles in the first layer of the plantar foot are innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis

103
Q

Which muscle in the first layer of the plantar foot is innervated by the lateral plantar nerve?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

104
Q

Which nerve do the medial and lateral plantar nerves arise from?

A

Tibial nerve in posterior leg

105
Q

What does the tibial nerve travel through before it divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves?

A

Plantar tunnel

106
Q

Which main artery in the posterior leg travels through the tarsal tunnel and divides into medial and lateral tarsal arteries?

A

Posterior tibial

107
Q

Which main artery in the posterior leg travels through the tarsal tunnel and divides into medial and lateral tarsal arteries?

A

Posterior tibial

110
Q

What is the function of abductor hallucis?

A

Abduction and flexion of great toe

111
Q

What is the function of flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Flexes the lateral four toes at the PIP joint

112
Q

What is the function of flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Flexes the lateral four toes at the PIP joint

113
Q

What is the function of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abducts the little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

114
Q

Which muscles are found in the second layer of the plantar foot?

A

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals

115
Q

What is the action of quadratus plantae and the lumbricals?

A

Flexion of the digits

116
Q

What is the blood supply to the second layer of the plantar foot (quadrantus plantae and lumbricals)?

A

Lateral plantar artery

117
Q

What is the blood supply to the second layer of the plantar foot (quadrantus plantae and lumbricals)?

A

Lateral plantar artery

118
Q

What is the innervation of the second layer of the plantar foot (quadratus plantae and lumbricals?)

A

1st lumbrical = Medial plantar nerve
Quadratus plantae & 2-4th lumbricals = Lateral plantar nerve

120
Q

Which muscles are found in the third layer of the plantar foot?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

121
Q

What is the blood supply to the flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis muscles in the third plantar layer of the foot?

A

Medial plantar artery

122
Q

What is the blood supply to flexor digiti minimi brevis in the third layer of the plantar foot?

A

Lateral plantar artery

123
Q

What is the innervation to the third layer of the plantar foot?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis = medial plantar nerve
Adductor hallucis & Flexor digiti minimi brevis = lateral plantar nerve

124
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the 3rd layers of the plantar foot?

A

Flexion of digit
Adduction of hallux

126
Q

Which muscles are found in the fourth layer of the plantar foot?

A

Plantar interossei
Dorsal interossei

127
Q

What are the functions of the planter and dorsal interossei?

A

PAD & DAB

Plantar - adduction
Dorsal - abduction

128
Q

What is the axis point for abduction of the toes?

A

Second toe

129
Q

Where are the interossei of the foot found?

A

In the webspaces

130
Q

Where are the interossei of the foot found?

A

In the webspaces

131
Q

What is the blood supply to the interossei of the foot?

A

Lateral plantar artery

132
Q

What is the innervation to the interossei of the foot?

A

Lateral plantar nerve
Deep fibular nerve (1st and 2nd dorsal interossei)

134
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A

Longitudinal arches - medial and lateral
Transverse

135
Q

Which bones make up the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Talus (keystone)
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuniforms x3
Metatarsals 1-3

136
Q

Which bones make up the lateral longitudinal arch?

A

Calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsal V

137
Q

Which bones make up the transverse arch?

A

Cuboid, cuneiforms x3

138
Q

Why do we have arches in the foot?

A

Shock absorption
Adaption for uneven ground
Balance
Propulsion

139
Q

Which tendons provide dynamic support to the medial arch of the foot?

A

Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior
Fibularis longus

140
Q

Which tendons provide dynamic support to the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Fibularis longus
Tibialis posterior

141
Q

What is the difference between tendon support and ligament support in the foot?

A

Tendon support = dynamic support
Ligament support = passive support

142
Q

Which ligaments in the foot give passive support?

A

Plantar aponeurosis
Long & short plantar ligaments
Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament

144
Q

What passes through the tarsal tunnel?

A

Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry

Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum Longus
Artery (posterior tibial)
Veins (venae commitantes)
Nerve (tibial)
flexor Hallucis Longus

MSK (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions