4. phaeochromocytoma SDL Flashcards
identify regions A and B in the histological section of the adrenal gland
A = cortex
B = medulla
what is the embyrological origin of the adrenal gland
medulla: neuroectoderm
cortex: mesoderm
identify hormones produced by regions A-D
A = z. glomerulosa – mineralocorticoids
B = z. fasiculata – glucocorticoids (androgens)
C = z reticularis – androgens (glucocorticoids)
D = Medulla - catecholamines
what is meant by the term “functional tumour”
the tumour produces hormones
label structures A-f
A = Stomach
B = Spleen
C = L Kidney
D = Liver
E = Spleen
F = Desc Colon
which of the numbered spots represents the position of the adrenal glands
3 + 4
which anatomical structures might be invaded by an adrenal tumour
- Vena Cava
- Aorta
- Kidney
- Renal vessels
which type of receptor is found in the eye and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
A1
contract and pupil dialtion
which type of receptor is found in the SA node of the heart and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
B1
increase HR
which type of receptor is found in the conduction system of the heart and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
B1
increase conduction rate
which type of receptor is found in the monocytes of the heart and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
B1
increase force of contraction
which type of receptor is found in the blood vessels and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
A1, A2 and B2
alpha receptors respond to constriction (intestinal BV)
Beta receptors respond to dilation in skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles
which type of receptor is found in the neurons and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
A2
inhibit transmitter release
which type of receptor is found in the bronchi of the lungs and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
B2
relaxation/dilation
which type of receptor is found in the GI tract sphincters and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
A1
contract
which type of receptor is found in the GI tract smooth muscles and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
relaxation
which type of receptor is found in the pancreas and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
A2 and B2
inhibit insulin release and increase glucagon
which type of receptor is found in the detrusor of the bladder and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
B2
dilation
which type of receptor is found in the sphincter of the urinary bladder and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
contraction
which type of receptor is found in the skeletal muscles and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
B2
anabolism
which type of receptor is found in the hepatocytes and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?
B2
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
All adrenoceptors are G-protein-couple receptors. Binding of an agonist to different types of adrenoceptor involves different second messengers. Which of the following represents the effect of agonist binding to alpha-1 (B) and which to beta receptors (A)
- α1 receptors activatephospholipaseC (via Gq), increasing the activity ofprotein kinase C(PKC)
- α2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase (via Gi), decreasing the activity ofprotein kinase A(PKA)
- β receptors activate adenylate cyclase (via Gs), increasing the activity of protein kinase A(PKA)
what happens at alpha 2 receptors
inhibition of catecholamine release (inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
what effect does catecholamine have on energy substrates
mobilise substrates of remediate energy, glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis and lipolysis
which arm of the autonomic nervous system is the adrenal gland associated
sympathetic
Which of these clinical signs would you expect to see in a patient with phaeochromocytoma?
