4. Osteoporose Flashcards

1
Q

(Osteoporose)

Ätiologie und Häufigkeit (2)

A
  • primäre (90%)
  • sekundäre (10%)
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2
Q

(Osteoporose)

primäre Osteoporose: Typen (3)

A
  • postmenopausale Osteoporose (Typ I)
  • senile Osteoporose (Typ II)
  • idiopatische Osteoporose
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3
Q

(Osteoporose)

sekundäre Osteoporose: häufigste Ursache

A

medikamentös

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4
Q

(Osteoporose)

sekundäre Osteoporose: Beispiel

A

Langzeittherapie mit Glucocorticoiden

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5
Q

(Osteoporose)

Leitsymptome (2)

A
  • Fragilitätsfrakturen

-chronisches Schmerzsyndrom

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6
Q

(Osteoporose)

Fragilitätsfrakturen: Typen (2)

A
  • postmenopausale
  • senile
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7
Q

(Osteoporose)

häufigste postmenopausale Fragilitätsfraktur

A

Wirbelkörper

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8
Q

(Osteoporose)

häufigste senile Fragilitätsfrakturen (3)

A
  • Femurhals
  • subkapitale Umerus
  • distale Radius
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9
Q

(Osteoporose)

Labor

A

AP

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9
Q

(Osteoporose)

chronisches Schmerzsyndrom: Hauptlokalisation

A

Rücken

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10
Q

(Osteoporose)

Befund

A

Tannenbaumphänomen

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11
Q

(Osteoporose)

AP: Befund

A

normwertig bis leicht erhöht

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12
Q

(Osteoporose)

Tannenbaumphänomen

A

charakteristische Hautfalten des Rückens

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13
Q

(Osteoporose)

Screening: Stufen (3)

A
  1. Anamnese
  2. Risikoscore
  3. Osteodensitometrie
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14
Q

(Osteoporose)

Osteodensitometrie: Goldstandard

A

Dual X-Ray-Absorptiometry (DXA)

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15
Q

(Osteoporose)

Risiko-Score: Beispiel

A

FRAX-Score

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16
Q

(Osteoporose)

DXA: Zweck

A

Knochendichtemessung

17
Q

(Osteoporose)

DXA: Durchführung

A
  • LWS, Femur und Femurhals
18
Q

(Osteoporose)

DXA: Score

A

T-Score

19
Q

(Osteoporose)

T-Score: Osteopenie

A

< -1,0

20
Q

(Osteoporose)

T-Score: Osteoporose

A

< - 2,5

21
Q

(Osteoporose)

Allgemeinmaßnahme

A

Zufuhr von Vitamin D und Calcium

22
Q

(Osteoporose)

medikamentöse-Therapie: Indikation

A

10-Jahres-Frakturrisiko > 30%

23
Q

(Osteoporose)

medikamentöse-Therapie: Mittel der Wahl

A

Biphosphonate

24
Q

(Osteoporose)

Biphosphonate: Beispiele (3)

A
  • Alendronat
  • Risedronat
  • Zoledronat
25
Q

(Osteoporose)

Biphosphonate: Wirkung

A

antiresorptiv

26
Q

(Osteoporose)

Biphosphonate: Nebenwirkungen (2)

A
  • Hypokalzämie
  • Kiefernekrose
27
Q

(Osteoporose)

Biphosphonate: Dauer

A

max 3 J i.v. oder 5 J p.o.

28
Q

(Osteoporose)

medikamentöse Therapie: Alternativen (2)

A
  • Denosumab
  • Parathormon-Analoga
29
Q

(Osteoporose)

Denosumab: Wirkung

A

antiresorptiv

30
Q

(Osteoporose)

Denosumab: Nebenwirkungen (2)

A
  • Hypokalzämie
  • Kiefernekrose
31
Q

(Osteoporose)

Denosumab: Dauer

A

max 3 J. s.c.

32
Q

(Osteoporose)

Parathormon-Analoga: Beispiel

A

Teriparatid

33
Q

(Osteoporose)

Parathormon-Analoga: Wirkung

A

osteoanabol

34
Q

(Osteoporose)

Parathormon-Analoga: Dauer

A

max 24 M

35
Q

(Osteoporose)

zusätzliche medikamentöse Therapie bei Frauen

A

selektive Östrogenrezeptor-Modulatoren (SERM)

36
Q

(Osteoporose)

SERM: Beispiel

A

Raloxifen

37
Q

(Osteoporose)

SERM: Wirkung

A

antiresorptiv

38
Q

(Osteoporose)

SERM: Nebenwirkungen (2)

A
  • Thromboembolie
  • Thrombose
39
Q

(Osteoporose)

SERM: Dauer

A

max 8. J