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Head and Neck > 4) Major Blood Vessels > Flashcards

4) Major Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Which arteries provide the main supply to the head?

A

Common carotid and vertebral arteries

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2
Q

Which arteries provide the main blood supply to the neck?

A 
Thryocervical trunk:
Inferior thyroid artery
Ascending cervical artery 
Transverse cervical artery 
Suprascapular arteries
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3
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries arise from?

A

Subclavian artery

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4
Q

What structures do the vertebral arteries travel through?

A

Transverse foramina of C1-6

Foramen magnum

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5
Q

What happens to vertebral arteries when in the skull?

A

Join with vertebral artery from other side to form basilar artery

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6
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

Anastomosis in brain formed from basilar and internal carotid arteries

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7
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

Level of superior border of thyroid cartilage (C4)

in carotid triangle

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8
Q

What are located at the carotid bifurcation?

A

Carotid sinus - baroreceptors

Carotid body - peripheral chemoreceptors

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9
Q

What are the consequences of hypersensitive baroreceptors?

A

External pressure of carotid sinus causes decrease in HR and BP, brain underperfused = syncope

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10
Q

Why is the carotid bifurcation a common site of atheroma formation?

A

Swelling due to carotid sinus causes turbulence of flow

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11
Q

By what procedure can a carotid atheroma be removed?

A

Carotid endarterectomy

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12
Q

What are the consequences of a carotid atheroma?

A

Rupture leading to embolus and TIA/stroke

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior - posterior belly of digastric
Lateral - SCM
Medial - Superior belly of omohyoid

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14
Q

What is contained in the carotid triangle?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Hypoglossal and vagus nerves

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15
Q

What is the importance of the carotid triangle?

A

Surgical approach to carotid, IJV or vagus nerve

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16
Q

What is a carotid massage and why is it performed?

A

Stimulation of baroreceptors to decrease HR, relieving supraventricular tachycardia

17
Q

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery (deep)

18
Q

What are the 6 branches of the external carotid artery?

A 
Superior thyroid 
Lingual
Facial
Ascending pharyngeal 
Occipital 
Posterior auricular
19
Q

Where does the external carotid artery terminate?

A

Parotid gland

20
Q

How does the internal carotid artery enter the cranial cavity?

A

Via carotid canal in petrous part of temporal bone

21
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

Brain, eyes, forehead

22
Q

Which artery supplies the dura mater and the skull?

A

Middle meningeal artery

23
Q

What procedure allows access to the cranial cavity?

A

Craniotomy, bone and scalp reflected inferiorly to preserve blood supply

24
Q

Where can the facial artery pulse be felt?

A

Inferior border of mandible, anterior to masseter muscle

25
Q

How can infection spread from scalp to meninges?

A

Through valveless emissary veins between veins of scalp and diploic veins of skull

26
Q

What are dural venous sinuses?

A

Endothelial lined spaces between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura

27
Q

What are the cavernous sinuses?

A

Plexuses of thin walled veins on lateral aspect of sphenoid bones. Receive blood from superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

28
Q

What structures are found in the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery and cranial nerves

29
Q

Where do deep facial veins drain into?

A

Pterygoid venous plexuses

30
Q

Why are veins of face susceptible to spread of infection?

A

Valveless so blood can flow in either direction

31
Q

What veins drain into the external jugular vein and into which vein does EJV drain?

A

Posterior auricular, retromandibular and superficial temporal
Into subclavian vein

32
Q

What vein drains the anterior neck?

A

Anterior jugular veins

33
Q

How does the internal jugular vein begin?

A

Continuation of sigmoid sinus

34
Q

Describe the route of the IJV to atrium:

A

Exits via jugular foramen into carotid sheath, lateral to artery. Combines with subclavian to from brachiocephalic vein

35
Q

Into which vein does the facial vein drain into?

A

IJV

36
Q

How should the JVP be measured?

A

Patient at 45 degree angle, height from sternal angle + 5cm, pulsations through SCM

37
Q

What side is used to measure JVP and what does this show?

A

Right IJV, as direct communication to RA, so estimates pressure

38
Q

What is a thrombophlebitis?

A

Infected clot into intracranial venous system

Head and Neck (17 decks)

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