4: Madeira Flashcards

1
Q

What is Madeira? Where is it located?

A
  • a Portuguese island in the Atlantic Ocean around 600 km from the coast of Morocco
  • the name of the fortified wine made on this island
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2
Q

When was the island of Madeira discovered?

A

1419

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3
Q

Who first colonised the island of Madeira?

A

Portuguese merchants and their labourers

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4
Q

When the Portuguese landed in Madeira, what did they do?

A
  • large areas of forest were burnt to provide room for agriculture and increase the fertility of the soil
  • terraces and irrigation channels were built
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5
Q

What were the original crops and exports of the island?

A

initially sugar, wheat and vines

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6
Q

When did wine become the main export? Why?

A

when the sugar industry declined during the 16th Century mainly due to competition from other countries

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7
Q

Why did wine exports grow in the 17th and 18th Centuries?

A

British merchants arrived in Madeira and sent the wine to their colonies in North America and the West Indies

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8
Q

What was common during the 17th and 18th Centuries to improve quality?

A
  • long periods of time pitching and rolling in the holds of ships sailing to and from the tropics
  • soon the wines were used as hold ballast on such trips, with the sole purpose of improving the quality of the wine
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9
Q

Why did wine exports suffer in the 19th Century?

A

powdery mildew and then phylloxera hit the island in the mid to late 19th century, destroying vines and reducing yields

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10
Q

Why did wine exports suffer in the 20th Century?

A
  • Prohibition in the USA
  • two World Wars
  • the Russian Revolution
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11
Q

Why did sales not fully recover towards the end of the 20th century?

A

more stable, but consumer tastes had changed

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12
Q

What was the first institution founded to to regulate Madeira production? When?

A
  • Instituto do Vinho da Madeira

- founded in 1979

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13
Q

What superseded the Instituto do Vinho da Madeira? When?

A
  • Instituto do Vinho, do Bordado e do Artesanato da Madeira, IP-RAM (IVBAM)
  • 2006
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14
Q

When did Portugal become part of the EU?

A

1986

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15
Q

How has joining the EU impacted Madeira wines?

A

EU subsidies led to improvements in the quality

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