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WSET Level 4 D5: Fortified Wine > 2.4: Sherry - Wine Law and Wine Business > Flashcards

2.4: Sherry - Wine Law and Wine Business Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the total area of vineyards planted within the Zona de Producción in 2016?

A

6,989 ha.

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2
Q

What is the average vineyard holdings?

A

small (just under 3 ha.)

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3
Q

What percent of vineyards are owned by the members of co-operatives?

A

over 40% (2,935 ha.)

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4
Q

Approximately what is the size of vineyards are owned by independent growers?

A

1,957 ha.

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5
Q

Approximately what is the size of vineyards are owned by shippers?

A

2,097 ha.

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6
Q

Name a few shippers.

A

Gonzalez Byass, Barbadillo and the Estevez Group

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7
Q

Are the shippers who have large vineyard holdings typically self sufficient?

A

usually not, need to buy from independent growers

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8
Q

What are the 3 categories of companies involved in the production of Sherry wines.

A
  1. Bodegas de la Zona de Producción (Production Bodega)
  2. Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado (Ageing and Storage Bodega)
  3. Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición (Ageing and Shipping Bodega)
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9
Q

What are the Bodegas de la Zona de Producción?

A
  • production bodegas
  • usually large cooperatives
  • press grapes and ferment the must into base wine
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10
Q

Where must the Bodegas de la Zona de Producción be located?

A

must be located in the Sherry production zone but do not need to be located in the Zona de Crianza.

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11
Q

Who typically owns the Bodegas de la Zona de Producción?

A
  • often owned by a company within one of the other registers

- but can be independent and will sell the base wine to stockist bodegas

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12
Q

Can the Bodegas de la Zona de Producción sell their own wines?

A

may sell their own wines, but these cannot qualify for DO Jerez-Xérès-Sherry or DO Manzanilla - Sanlúcar de Barrameda

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13
Q

What are the Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado?

A
  • aging and storing bodegas
  • almacenistas
  • mature the wines
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14
Q

Where must the Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado be located?

A

must be located in the Zona de Crianza

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15
Q

How much wine do the Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado typically mature?

A

relatively small in the amount of wine they mature

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16
Q

What must the Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado do with the wines?

A

wines must then be sold to Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición

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17
Q

What is the Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición?

A
  • aging and shipping bodega
  • shippers
  • the only register permitted to export or sell DO Jerez-Xérès-Sherry or DO Manzanilla - Sanlúcar de Barrameda wines to the market
18
Q

Where must the Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición be located?

A

in the Zona de Crianza

19
Q

What are the Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición permitted to do?

A
  • selling the final wine

- mature the wine

20
Q

Where might the Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición get their wines?

A
  • come as young wines straight from the Bodegas de Producción
  • come as matured wines from the Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado
  • wines from the almacenistas may be blended with the shipper’s own stocks of wines to make up volumes and add complexity
21
Q

How are the wines usually sold by the Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición?

A
  • under the shipper’s own brands
22
Q

Who in particular has suffered from the declines in Sherry sales? Why?

A

Almacenistas
- demand reduced, the shippers survived using their own stocks, not needing extra wine from the almacenistas, consequently many almacenistas went out of business

23
Q

What did the Consejo Regulado do to help Almacenistas? When? What did this mean for them?

A
  • 1996
  • lowered minimum stockholding for companies to register as a shipper from 12,500 hL to 500 hL
  • meant that a number of the biggest almacenistas became shippers and therefore now market their own wines under their own brands
24
Q

Name 2 almacenistas the became shippers after the Consejo Regulado lowered the minimum stockholding for companies to register as a shipper.

A

El Maestro Sierra and Bodegas Tradición

25
Q

When was the Consejo Regulador registered in Spain?

A

1933

26
Q

What are the main objectives of the Consejo Regulador?

A
  • maintains vineyard registers
  • sets parameters such as maximum yields and minimum alcohol levels for base wines
  • oversees rotation of stock in the bodegas
  • verifies authenticity of age-dated Sherries
  • major promotional body
27
Q

Give some examples of how the Consejo Regulador acts as a major promotional body.

A

engaging in many forms of marketing which range from the organisation of events during International Sherry Week to running educational courses for wine professionals

28
Q

Prior to the regulation of the term sherry, what was the term used for?

A

generic term for fortified wine made with white grapes

29
Q

When was the term sherry regulated?

A

mid-1990s

30
Q

Who successfully campaigned for the term sherry to be regulated?

A

the Consejo Regulado

31
Q

What are the two DOs of sherry?

A
  1. DO Jerez-Xérès-Sherry

2. DO Manzanilla - Sanlúcar de Barrameda

32
Q

What is the general trend of sherry sales?

A

gradual decline for the last four decades

  • 2016: 34 million litres,
  • 2006: 56 million litres
  • 1970s: 150 million litres
33
Q

What is the general trend of sweetened sherry sales?

A

declined dramatically

34
Q

Which category of sherry used to be the largest category by volume?

A

Cream Sherries

35
Q

What is the general trend of fino sherry sales?

A

decreased sales

36
Q

What is the general trend of Manzanilla sherry sales? Where is this style largely consumed?

A
  • stayed relatively stable

- most consumed style in the domestic market

37
Q

What is the biggest market for sherry sales? What percentage of sales are made here? What is the trend?

A
  • Spain
  • over 1/3 of total sales
  • stable
38
Q

What is the most popular type of sherry in Spain? The second most popular?

A
  1. Manzanilla

2. Fino

39
Q

What are the 4 largest export markets in order?

A
  • the UK
  • Holland
  • Germany
  • USA
40
Q

What is the general trend of the 4 largest export markets?

A

each one of these export markets has seen gradual declines in sales volumes over the last decade

41
Q

What is looking positive for the sherry industry? What is driving this?

A
  • sales of premium-priced sherries are increasing in some markets (UK)
  • hospitality sector (modern tapas bars, use of Sherry in cocktails) and younger drinkers
42
Q

How have some sherry producers diversified their portfolio? What is the goal?

A
  • producing unfortified wines, often from Palomino or PX, in a range of styles: fresh and youthful; biologically aged; partially oxidative
  • hope this will attract new consumers

WSET Level 4 D5: Fortified Wine (23 decks)

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