4 - Evolution of the brain

Question 1

3 important factors of the evolution theory by Darwin

Answer 1

1. Variation
2. Heritability
3. Natural selection (environmental adaptation)

Question 2

mutation create

Answer 2

variation

Question 3

common descent

Answer 3

2 different species have close common ancestor (apes and humans)

Question 4

convergence

Answer 4

seperation, 2 species evolved independetly (humans and birds)

Question 5

homology is a trait of

Answer 5

common descent (same ancestors)(e.g. forelimbs)

Question 6

analogy is a trait of

Answer 6

seperation, same functionally but not derived from same ancestors (e.g. bird wings with bones, insect wings)

Question 7

patrick batesons says about innate

Answer 7

that there are so many different meanings, so innate is meaningless

Question 8

what does konrad lorenz say about innate behaviour

Answer 8

animals (or humans, kasper hauser case) who live in isolation will show innate behaviour

Question 9

daniel lehrman says that behaviour results from …

Answer 9

a complex interaction between individual and external/internal environment

Question 10

Ecological / foreagaing hypothesis (of brain size / intelligence explanation)

Answer 10

If you make more effort for e.g. getting food, your brain is larger, bc it take more cognitive brian function

(meat eating is more difficult than leafd eating)

Question 11

Social / Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis (of brain size explanation)

Answer 11

More complexer and larger social interactions/group, bigger brain, because it takes more social behaviour/cognitive skills.

Question 12

General intelligence hypothesis (of brain size explanation)

Answer 12

More innovative behaviour, bigger brain

Question 13

antromorphism

Answer 13

attributing human characteristics to animals

Question 14

Ethology

Answer 14

Objective study of animal behaviour

Question 15

frans van der waal observed ..

Answer 15

aggresive behaviour between animals (apes console “troost’ each other, which is human behaviour (= antromorphism))

Question 16

species with common ancestor have kept these brain functions the same, 3 cortexes:

Answer 16

1) visual cortex
2) auditory cortex
3) somatosensory cortex

Question 17

tinbergen 4 questions regarding behaviour

Answer 17

1) evolution of it
2) function of it
3) development of it
4) causation of it

Question 18

evolutionary psychology says

Answer 18

evolution of history has to be considered to explain human cognition, so go back to stone age|
(say women are more choosy than men, but it is equal, explained by cultural)

Question 19

3 reasons why evolutionary psychology does not work

Answer 19

1) we have no cognitive fossiels (so fossiel of memory)
2) besides a biological evolution, there is also a cultural one
3) evolution is not about mechanisms

Question 20

homologus

Answer 20

when a trait is of common descent

Question 21

difference in wings in birds and bats is an example of

Answer 21

analogous

Question 22

fruit eating bats have larger brain than insect eating bats supports … hypothesis

Answer 22

ecological

Question 23

allometry

Answer 23

plotting brain mass vs body mass

Question 24

cognitive adaptive specialisatio in food storing bids is thought to be because of a improved

Answer 24

spatial memory

Question 25

neural adaptive specialization in food storing birds is thought to be because of a improved

Answer 25

hippocampus

Question 26

the mind has evelved as a result of selection pressures in the stone age is an example of

Answer 26

evolution psychology

Question 27

is it true that neaderthalers have bigger brains than humans?

Answer 27

YES, TRUE