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Cognitive neuroscience > 1- Functional neuroanatomy > Flashcards

1- Functional neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A

Mentale functies die te maken hebben met verwerken van informatie (e.g. memory, perception, reasoning, vision.)

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2
Q

Grey matter

A

Outside, cell bodies of neurons & dendrites

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3
Q

White matter

A

Inside (fibres) axons which are mylenated (electrical action potential travels down the axon terminal)

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4
Q

Neuroimaging

A

Allows to see the white matter tracks

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5
Q

Corpus collosum function

A

Connects hemispheres and allows them to communicate

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6
Q

Neurons are made of 3 parts

A

Axon, cell body and dendrites

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7
Q

Axon

A

1, myelinated, controls action potential

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8
Q

Dendrites

A

Many, NO myelination, receives input from other cells and puts it in cell body.

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9
Q

Integration zone (in dendrites of neuron)

A

Zone where all info accumulates (ophopen), reaches treshold and then the AP is fired down the axon

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10
Q

Visual neurons fire when

A

There is visual input in a particular visual region (visual receptive field of a neuron)

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11
Q

4 steps of neural communication

A
  1. AP is fired at axon hillock (connection between cell body and axon)
  2. AP (the info) travels down axon to axon terminals
  3. Axon terminals are attached to dendrites next neuron
  4. Pre synaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters to post synaptic neuron its receptors.
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12
Q

Neurotransmission happens in synaptic cleft (space between pro and post synapse) and can be 2 ways

A

Chemical and electrical

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13
Q

Glial cells - function and 3 types

A

Function: Support and give structure to neuronal activity
Astrocytes, microglial, oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

Astrocytes

A

Monitor & receive input.
Star shaped and provides structural support

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15
Q

Microglial= vuilnisman

A

Remove debris (afval) from injured cells
= VUILNISMAN
(Ze lossen het puin op van kapotte cellen)

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16
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Cause myelanation (fat around axon)

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17
Q

Peripheral nervous system is divided in

A

Somatic and autonomic

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18
Q

Somatic nervous system (PNS)

A

Part of PNS we can control.
- Controls movement
- Receives sensory information from the body and from the sensory organs of the head.
Made up of 2 anatomic groups: cranial and spinal nerves.

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19
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Nerve connected directly to the brain.
Sensory and motor cranial nerves.

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20
Q

Sensory nerves (Cranial nerves)

A

Input of information.
Sensory nerves convey sensory info from PNS to CNS.

Sensory cranial nerves are:
Olfactory (carry smell info)
Optic (carry visual info)

21
Q

Motor nerves (Cranial nerves0

A

Output of information.
Motor nerves transmit motor information from CNS (brian and spine) to the muscles, organs, and glands.

Motor cranial nerve:
Oculomtor (eye movement)

22
Q

Spinal nerves

A

(Somatic nerves) Nerve emerges from the spinal cord.

Receive input in back of spinal cord (dorsal root)
Output in the front of the spinal cord (ventral root)

23
Q

Autonomic nervous system (PNS)

A

Part of PNS
Controls glands and smooth muscles of internal organs
Dived in to: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

24
Q

Sympathetic (Autonomic nervous system) (PNS)

A
  • Stimulator
  • Prepares body for action
  • Fight or flight response
    (blood pressure increases, the pupils of the eyes dilate, and the heart rate quickens)
25
Q

Parasympathetic (Autonomic nervous system (PNS)

A
  • Inhibitor
  • Helps body relax and prepare for future action
  • Rest and digest response
    (slow heart rate: because in rest)
26
Q

4 brain lobes FPOT

A

Frontol, parietal, occipital and temporal lobe

27
Q

Sagital slice

A

Left and right

28
Q

Horizontal slice

A

Upper and bottom

29
Q

Coronal

A

Front and back

30
Q

Up, towards the top of the skull

A

Superior, dorsal

31
Q

Down, towards the spine

A

Inferior/Ventral

32
Q

Front, towards the face

A

Anterior/rostral

33
Q

Back, away face towards back of the head

A

Rear/posterior/caudal

34
Q

Inwards, towards the midline

A

Medial

35
Q

Outwards, towards the ears

A

Lateral

36
Q

Cingulate gyrus is involved in

A

Reward processing

37
Q

Thalamus is involved in

A

Sensory processing

38
Q

Hypothalamus is involved in

A

Stress

39
Q

Pituitary gland is involved in

A

Growth/blood pressure

40
Q

Pinael gland is involved in

A

Sleep rythm

41
Q

Electrical stimulation

A

Produce movement and sensation (somatosensory and motor)

42
Q

Multisensory neurons

A

Fire to the presence of different stimuli (auditory & visual)

43
Q

Basal ganglia is involved in

A

Motor

44
Q

Limbic system is involved in

A

emotion

45
Q

Ventricles (holtes in hersenen) have a function of

A

Protection.
Shock absorber, fluid exchange of nutrients (trough blood vessels, brain tissue)

46
Q

Blood vessels function

A

Oxygen supply to the brain

47
Q

Neuro imagining

A

Show anatomy
Records activity

48
Q

FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) you can see

A

where oxygen in flowing (in all slices of the brain) therefore identifies which brian regions are active during a task.

Spatial resolution

49
Q

EEG (electroencephalography)

A

Using electrodes, measures electrical activity of neurons.

Temporal resolution

Cognitive neuroscience (8 decks)

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