1- Functional neuroanatomy

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

Mentale functies die te maken hebben met verwerken van informatie (e.g. memory, perception, reasoning, vision.)

Question 2

Grey matter

Answer 2

Outside, cell bodies of neurons & dendrites

Question 3

White matter

Answer 3

Inside (fibres) axons which are mylenated (electrical action potential travels down the axon terminal)

Question 4

Neuroimaging

Answer 4

Allows to see the white matter tracks

Question 5

Corpus collosum function

Answer 5

Connects hemispheres and allows them to communicate

Question 6

Neurons are made of 3 parts

Answer 6

Axon, cell body and dendrites

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

1, myelinated, controls action potential

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Many, NO myelination, receives input from other cells and puts it in cell body.

Question 9

Integration zone (in dendrites of neuron)

Answer 9

Zone where all info accumulates (ophopen), reaches treshold and then the AP is fired down the axon

Question 10

Visual neurons fire when

Answer 10

There is visual input in a particular visual region (visual receptive field of a neuron)

Question 11

4 steps of neural communication

Answer 11

1. AP is fired at axon hillock (connection between cell body and axon)
2. AP (the info) travels down axon to axon terminals
3. Axon terminals are attached to dendrites next neuron
4. Pre synaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters to post synaptic neuron its receptors.

Question 12

Neurotransmission happens in synaptic cleft (space between pro and post synapse) and can be 2 ways

Answer 12

Chemical and electrical

Question 13

Glial cells - function and 3 types

Answer 13

Function: Support and give structure to neuronal activity
Astrocytes, microglial, oligodendrocytes

Question 14

Astrocytes

Answer 14

Monitor & receive input.
Star shaped and provides structural support

Question 15

Microglial= vuilnisman

Answer 15

Remove debris (afval) from injured cells
= VUILNISMAN
(Ze lossen het puin op van kapotte cellen)

Question 16

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 16

Cause myelanation (fat around axon)

Question 17

Peripheral nervous system is divided in

Answer 17

Somatic and autonomic

Question 18

Somatic nervous system (PNS)

Answer 18

Part of PNS we can control.
- Controls movement
- Receives sensory information from the body and from the sensory organs of the head.
Made up of 2 anatomic groups: cranial and spinal nerves.

Question 19

Cranial nerves

Answer 19

Nerve connected directly to the brain.
Sensory and motor cranial nerves.

Question 20

Sensory nerves (Cranial nerves)

Answer 20

Input of information.
Sensory nerves convey sensory info from PNS to CNS.

Sensory cranial nerves are:
Olfactory (carry smell info)
Optic (carry visual info)

Question 21

Motor nerves (Cranial nerves0

Answer 21

Output of information.
Motor nerves transmit motor information from CNS (brian and spine) to the muscles, organs, and glands.

Motor cranial nerve:
Oculomtor (eye movement)

Question 22

Spinal nerves

Answer 22

(Somatic nerves) Nerve emerges from the spinal cord.

Receive input in back of spinal cord (dorsal root)
Output in the front of the spinal cord (ventral root)

Question 23

Autonomic nervous system (PNS)

Answer 23

Part of PNS
Controls glands and smooth muscles of internal organs
Dived in to: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 24

Sympathetic (Autonomic nervous system) (PNS)

Answer 24

• Stimulator
• Prepares body for action
• Fight or flight response
  (blood pressure increases, the pupils of the eyes dilate, and the heart rate quickens)

Question 25

Parasympathetic (Autonomic nervous system (PNS)

Answer 25

- Inhibitor - Helps body relax and prepare for future action - Rest and digest response (slow heart rate: because in rest)

Question 26

4 brain lobes FPOT

Answer 26

Frontol, parietal, occipital and temporal lobe

Question 27

Sagital slice

Answer 27

Left and right

Question 28

Horizontal slice

Answer 28

Upper and bottom

Question 29

Coronal

Answer 29

Front and back

Question 30

Up, towards the top of the skull

Answer 30

Superior, dorsal

Question 31

Down, towards the spine

Answer 31

Inferior/Ventral

Question 32

Front, towards the face

Answer 32

Anterior/rostral

Question 33

Back, away face towards back of the head

Answer 33

Rear/posterior/caudal

Question 34

Inwards, towards the midline

Answer 34

Medial

Question 35

Outwards, towards the ears

Answer 35

Lateral

Question 36

Cingulate gyrus is involved in

Answer 36

Reward processing

Question 37

Thalamus is involved in

Answer 37

Sensory processing

Question 38

Hypothalamus is involved in

Answer 38

Stress

Question 39

Pituitary gland is involved in

Answer 39

Growth/blood pressure

Question 40

Pinael gland is involved in

Answer 40

Sleep rythm

Question 41

Electrical stimulation

Answer 41

Produce movement and sensation (somatosensory and motor)

Question 42

Multisensory neurons

Answer 42

Fire to the presence of different stimuli (auditory & visual)

Question 43

Basal ganglia is involved in

Answer 43

Motor

Question 44

Limbic system is involved in

Answer 44

emotion

Question 45

Ventricles (holtes in hersenen) have a function of

Answer 45

Protection. Shock absorber, fluid exchange of nutrients (trough blood vessels, brain tissue)

Question 46

Blood vessels function

Answer 46

Oxygen supply to the brain

Question 47

Neuro imagining

Answer 47

Show anatomy Records activity

Question 48

FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) you can see

Answer 48

where oxygen in flowing (in all slices of the brain) therefore identifies which brian regions are active during a task. Spatial resolution

Question 49

EEG (electroencephalography)

Answer 49

Using electrodes, measures electrical activity of neurons. Temporal resolution